Correlating equations for free convection heat transfer from horizontal isothermal cylinders set in a vertical array

Steady laminar free convection from flat vertical arrays of equally-spaced, horizontal isothermal cylinders set in free air, is studied numerically. A specifically developed computer-code based on the SIMPLE-C algorithm is used for the solution of the mass, momentum and energy transfer governing equations. Simulations are performed for arrays of 2-6 circular cylinders, for center-to-center separation distances from 2 up to more than 50 cylinder-diameters, and for values of the Rayleigh number based on the cylinder-diameter in the range between 5 × 10² and 5 × 10⁵. It is found that the heat transfer rate at the bottom cylinder remains the same as a single cylinder. In contrast, the downstream cylinders may exhibit either enhanced or reduced Nusselt numbers depending on their location in the array and on the geometry of the array. Heat transfer dimensionless correlating equations are proposed both for any individual cylinder in the array and for the whole tube-array. New correlation-equations for the calculation of the heat transfer rate from a single cylinder to the surrounding air are also proposed and compared to those available in the open literature.     

Laminar natural convection in an inclined complicated cavity with spatially variable wall temperature

Natural convection in two-dimensional enclosure with three flat and one wavy walls is numerically investigated. One wall is having a sinusoidal temperature profile. Other three walls including the wavy wall are maintained at constant cold temperature. This problem is solved by SIMPLE algorithm with deferred QUICK scheme in curvilinear co-ordinates. The tests were carried out for different inclination angles, amplitudes and Rayleigh numbers while the Prandtl number was kept constant. The geometrical configurations considered were namely one, two and three undulations.The results obtained show that the angle of inclination affects the flow and heat transfer rate in the cavity. With increase in amplitude, the average Nusselt number on the wavy wall is appreciably high at low Rayleigh number. Increasing the number of undulations beyond two is not beneficial. The trend of local Nusselt number is wavy.     

Design of a novel, intensified heat exchanger for reduced fouling rates

This paper describes an integrated approach into the design and evaluation of a novel tube bundle heat exchanger that achieves higher heat transfer levels at lower levels of pressure drop, while remaining less susceptible to gas-side fouling. The approach combines laboratory scale experiments with industrial observations and numerical simulations of full-scale heat exchangers to study the thermal, hydraulic and fouling characteristics of tube bundle heat exchangers. Three arrangements are compared and the advantages of the proposed novel arrangement are demonstrated. Enhanced heat transfer rates are combined with reduced pressure drop and gas-side fouling rates through careful design of the shape of the tube cross-section and reduced transverse spacing.     

A methodology to assess suitability of a site for small scale wet and dry CSP systems

This study presents a methodology to assess suitability of a site for small scale concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for its energy conversion efficiency and make‐up water requirement. Energy conversion efficiency of CSPs relies not only on the level of direct solar radiation but also on the performance of the cooling system. Regions with high solar potential have to deal with heat rejection at elevated temperatures which causes reduced energy conversion efficiencies due to high condenser temperatures. It is desirable to utilize wet cooling systems as they can achieve temperatures lower than the dry bulb temperature by evaporative cooling. On the other hand, such regions usually lack water resources which deteriorate the sustainable nature of CSP applications. This study combines various available models for both solar resource estimation and cooling systems' performance considering (i) the influence of ambient temperatures, and (ii) the influence of humidity levels. These models are integrated together to analyze the use of dry or wet cooling systems in terms of overall energy output and water consumption at a selected site in northern Cyprus. The model inputs consist of only annual hourly surface weather data and the location of the site of interest. The results show that dry cooling unit at northern Cyprus is capable of saving water about 18.7 ton/MWh while it produces 27% less energy compared to the wet cooling alternative for the representative annual weather data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

现代检测技术在数控机床中的应用

介绍现代检测技术及检测装置在数控机床中的应用,详细分析位置检测装置在数控机床中的重要作用,归纳总结检测元件发生故障的原因,以达到经验共享的目的。     

某会议室夏季工况不同送风方式下的气流组织数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟软件对××大学科技馆某小型会议室进行数值模拟,以实际测量的数据为边界条件,建立合适的数学和物理模型,得到温度场、速度场以及空气品质场等模拟结果,通过对模拟结果的对比分析,得到了最佳的气流组织设计方案,相关结论可以为室内气流组织方案设计与优化提供参考依据.     

改进的用于半导体器件综合系统的遗传算法

本文对应用于器件综合系统的遗传算法GENOCOP进行了改进.将实数设计空间根据参数的工艺精度影响转换为整型空间,并加入适应性复合算子利用已经得到的点来扩展和开发准可行空间.使其保持有效搜索到可行解的特性的同时,在同等的算法设置下,提高了对可行空间的覆盖率(约2.87倍),可以帮助设计人员更有效的设计可工作的器件.     

一种新的基于数值积分的粒子滤波算法

该文提出了一种新的用于非线性非高斯系统状态估计的粒子滤波算法。首先通过基于数值积分的差商滤波器产生重要密度函数,由于这些重要密度函数结合了最新的观测数据,这样采样得到的样本更接近于系统状态的真实后验概率,因此其性能优于标准的粒子滤波算法。最后给出了理论分析和仿真结果,验证了该算法的有效性。     

新型微通道散热器设计仿真

在传统的硅基微通道散热器原理基础上,通过采用高热导率的散热板,以及特殊的变截面微通道阵列,实现微型散热器工作流体的整体稳定流动和短程均匀散热工作模式.采用ANSYS通用有限元分析软件,给出了典型换热单元在参考流速1 m/s,温度283 K初始状态下的流速场和温度场,散热器可输运5×107 W/m2的热通量,总热阻低至0.0106℃/W.仿真结果初步验证了设计构想的合理性,散热器有望拥有良好工作特性.     

神光Ⅲ原型装置主放大器剩余热畸变模拟研究

给出了神光Ⅲ原型装置主放大器系统的热畸变模型 ,该模型包括三个模块 :热传输模块、热弹性力学模块、光学模块。利用该模型对原型装置的剩余热波前畸变进行了研究。初步结果表明 ,通过优化的冷却方案 ,可以在装置预定的运行周期内将激光工作介质内的温度梯度和总体平均温度冷却到可以接受的水平 ,剩余热波前畸变满足设计要求。利用该模型还定量地研究了增益介质的热膨胀系数与剩余热畸变之间的关系