麦草浆DEP漂白过程中污染物产生规律研究

研究了麦草化学浆DEP漂白过程中麦草浆性能变化情况,以及漂白废水中污染物生成规律,并建立了二氧化氯用量、纸浆得率等因素与漂白废水中污染物发生量的相关关系式。结果表明：随着二氧化氯用量的增加,漂白废水中CODCr、BOD5、AOX发生量都逐渐增加,并且这些污染物发生量与二氧化氯、得率和白度等有密切的关系。     

我国主产区油茶持久性有机污染物分布特征及相关性研究

为了明确油茶中持久性有机污染物(POPs)的污染分布特征,利用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)对我国主产区45个采样点135批次油茶果不同部位及对应油茶林土壤进行16种多环芳烃(PAHs)、18种多氯联苯(PCBs)和21种有机氯(OCPs)污染水平分析。同时分析油茶籽仁和油茶林土壤中主要POPs之间相关性。结果表明:油茶果各部位及油茶林土壤PAHs污染以萘、苊烯、苊萘嵌戊烷、荧蒽等低环PAHs污染较为明显;PCBs污染程度很轻,含量均在1μg/kg以下;OCPs污染主要为狄氏剂、毒杀芬、α-六六六、硫丹、异狄氏剂和艾氏剂。油茶籽仁中荧蒽与菲具有强正相关(R~2=0.90);油茶林土壤中芴与菲,■与苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘和苯并(a)蒽,PCB138与茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘,PCB180与苯并(g,h,i)苝,p,p′-DDE与o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDD之间均具有较强相关性(R~2=0.81～0.98)。     

2019年济南食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测分析

摘要：目的 了解济南市2019年市售食品中化学污染物总体状况,及时发现食品安全隐患,为食品安全监管工作提供科学依据。方法 对全市12个区县的食品进行监测,按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险工作手册》和国家标准方法进行检验、评价和分析。结果 2019共采集14类1505份样品,监测项目67种,超标率为4.8%（72/1505）。从不合格样品种类来看,肉及肉制品不合格率最高,为11.2%（19/170）,其次分别为食用菌和蔬菜,7.5%（6/80）、6.4%（21/330）。从不合格项目来看,铅、镉不合格率高于汞、砷;对硫磷、克百威等高毒农药在蔬菜中不合格率较高,分别为1.8%（6/330）、1.2%（4/330）;禁用药物克伦特罗在生畜肉内脏中不合格率最高为6.5%（11/170）;漂白剂二氧化硫在干食用菌中不合格率为5.0%（4/80）略高于面制品中食品添加剂不合格率4.1%。结论 济南市2019年总体状况良好,但仍然存在食品安全隐患。较为突出的问题为生畜肉及其内脏中“瘦肉精”类物质不合格率较高;面制品、干食用菌中违规超量使用食品添加剂;个别蔬菜中高毒农药项目不合格等,下一步仍需要加强隐患食品种类和项目的监测和监管,保障消费者的食品安全。     

A modeling approach to describe ZVI-based anaerobic system

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is increasingly being added into anaerobic reactors to enhance the biological conversion of various less biodegradable pollutants (LBPs). Our study aimed to establish a new structure model based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) to simulate such a ZVI-based anaerobic reactor. Three new processes, i.e., electron release from ZVI corrosion, H₂ formation from ZVI corrosion_, and transformation of LBPs, were integrated into ADM1. The established model was calibrated and tested using the experimental data from one published study, and validated using the data from another work. A good relationship between the predicted and measured results indicates that the proposed model was appropriate to describe the performance of the ZVI-based anaerobic system. Our model could provide more precise strategies for the design, development, and application of anaerobic systems especially for treating various LBPs-containing wastewaters.     

电化学氧化还原法降解卤代有机污染物的研究进展

卤代有机污染物的降解是水污染控制的一项重要课题.在诸多的降解技术中,电化学降解法具备反应条件温和、反应器简单、设备及其运行成本低、毒性副产物少等优点,因而成为一项极具发展前景的环境友好型应用技术.综述了电化学氧化还原降解的反应机理以及目前国内外学者对该技术的研究进展,同时指出该技术研究在实际应用中所存在的问题和不足,并对未来电化学氧化降解卤代有机污染物的技术研究进行了展望.     

中子活化分析在环境研究中的应用

中子活化分析是一种核分析技术。本文介绍了近年来国内外利用中子活化分析方法在大气环境及有机氯污染物方面进行的研究工作和应用。     

MOFs复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的应用研究进展

金属有机框架材料（MOFs）具有比表面积较高、孔径尺寸可调、结构可设计和可以功能化的特点，近年来受到广泛关注，尤其是基于MOFs的复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物的作用越来越突出，这是近年来MOFs的一个重要研究方向。本文综述了MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物领域的研究情况；介绍了MOFs及其特性；说明了MOFs复合材料的负载方式；总结了MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物方面的应用。同时，阐述了MOFs复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的机理及其存在的问题。最后，提出未来MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物的研究方向是合成形貌多样、结晶性能好的新型高稳定性材料以及开发新的MOFs及其复合材料的制备方法。     

Preparation and characterization of thermosensitive organic-inorganic hybrid microgels with functional Fe3O4 nanoparticles as crosslinker

A methodology is described for the preparation of thermosensitive organic-inorganic hybrid microgels with functional Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as the crosslinker and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) as the monomer. Magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were first prepared via a redox reaction in aqueous solution and then modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (TMSPMA) via the silanization. The bonding of multiple TMSPMA monomers on the surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles renders them as crosslinker. Surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of NIPAm was then carried out with the presence of TMSPMA-modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles at 70 °C in aqueous solution, leading to the formation of thermosensitive PNIPAm-Fe₃O₄ hybrid microgels crosslinked with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and physical properties measurement system (PPMS) were then used to characterize the resultant hybrid microgels. The experimental results show that the PNIPAm-Fe₃O₄ hybrid microgels were spherical in shape with a large size distribution and the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were randomly distributed inside the microgels. The PNIPAm-Fe₃O₄ hybrid microgels were thermosensitive, exhibiting a reversible swelling and deswelling behavior as a function of temperature. The PNIPAm-Fe₃O₄ hybrid microgels also show superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature (300 K).     

Structure, dynamics and interactions of complex sol-gel hybrid materials through SSNMR and DSC: Part II, ternary systems based on PE-PEG block copolymer, PHS and silica

This work is the second part of a study aimed at understanding in more depth structure, dynamics, interactions and correlations between morphology and barrier properties against oxygen diffusion of complex PE-PEG/PHS/SiO₂ hybrids prepared through a sol-gel process. Using a combined DSC and solid-state NMR approach, including ¹³C and ²⁹Si experiments and ¹H ultra-fast MAS spectra, the structural, phase and interaction properties of three PE-PEG/PHS/SiO₂ samples with different compositions, exhibiting different barrier performances, have been investigated, also taking into account the results obtained for the simpler one- and two-component systems (Part I). While the structure of the silica domains has been found to be not affected by composition, many differences have been observed concerning the phase and dynamic properties of the organic components (PE and PEG crystallinity and mobility of their amorphous domains) and the inter-component interactions (strength of the hydrogen bonds between PHS and both silica and PEG and PHS/PEG miscibility). In particular peculiar phase and interaction properties of the sample exhibiting the best barrier properties have been identified and characterized.     

丛枝菌根真菌在有机污染物污染土壤植物修复中的应用

综述了丛枝菌根真菌-植物体系在有机物污染土壤修复中的效果;分析了丛枝菌根真菌促进植物修复的机理;并探讨了影响丛枝菌根真菌在有机物污染土壤植物修复作用的因素。文章最后总结了目前这一技术存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。