基于污染物通量的潘家口—大黑汀水源地水污染生态补偿量化研究

回顾我国水污染补偿的研究及实践,分析潘家口—大黑汀水源地及入库河流的水质状况,在明确考核断面及考核指标的基础上,建立基于污染物通量的水污染补偿量化估算模型,并根据2013年潘家口—大黑汀水源地入库河流的水质和水量监测数据,估算入库河流水污染生态补偿量。     

Distribution and release of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl in ice

The distribution of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) in ice and the release of POPs from ice during ice melting have an important influence on the eco-environment and water quality of a river. Through laboratory simulation experiments, the distribution and release of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl(PCB29) in ice and the partition coefficients of PCB29 in ice water at different temperatures, concentrations, and p H levels were studied. The results showed that, at different temperatures and concentrations, the concentration of PCB29 in ice increased progressively with depth. The modes of release of different concentrations of PCB29 from ice were obtained. A large amount of PCB29 was released rapidly in the first melting period, and then the remaining PCB29 was released uniformly. The p H value dominated both the distribution and late release of PCB29 in ice. In ice water, at different temperatures, concentrations, and p H levels, the majority of PCB29 entered the water, and a lesser amount remained in the ice. Finally, laboratory experiment results were verified with field investigations. A theoretical framework is provided by this research of the behavior of POPs in ice under different environmental conditions, but a more quantitative understanding of the behavior of POPs in ice will need to be developed through further laboratory studies combined with field investigations.     

车用柴油发动机尾气排放的分析与控制

简要介绍了国内车用柴油机的现状、特点及排放法规;阐述了柴油机的主要排放污染物及其控制难点;重点对NOx和PM的控制技术要点进行了分析与研究.     

基于APDPC的流域水污染物减排机制研究

针对我国现行的污染减排制度和减排方案与环境质量改善联系不紧密、激励约束机制不健全、减排责任落实不到位、监管与考核不力等问题,提出了基于人均累积(APDPC)的流域水污染物减排新机制,通过人均参考配额及人均累积参考配额,建立流域内不同区域间环境与经济的协调发展机制。以淮河流域为例,对安徽、河南、江苏和山东四省片区进行了实证分析,验证结果表明该方法具有公平、高效、简便、易操作等优点,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

深层多途径复合生气模式及潜在成藏贡献

深层—超深层是当前和未来油气勘探的重要方向,明确高演化阶段天然气的生气途径、机制和潜力,将有助于发展天然气成因理论和指导深层油气勘探。结合大量模拟实验和动力学计算,探讨了不同母质和途径生气的成熟度和温度界限（生气时限）及贡献,建立了深层多途径复合生气模式。提出I/II型有机质或干酪根直接热降解（初次裂解）生气下限可延至R_O=3.5%,最大生气量可达120~140 m³/t_TOC,R_O>2.0%阶段的生气量可达20~40 m³/t_TOC。系统认识了原油全组分裂解动力学过程,提出在2 ℃/Ma地质升温速率条件下,液态烃大规模裂解的地质温度为190~220 ℃,对应的成熟度为R_O=2.0%~2.3%;源内残留烃和源外液态烃裂解生气贡献分别为约80 m³/t_TOC和200 m³/t_TOC,乙烷裂解温度要高于230 ℃。硫酸盐热化学还原作用（TSR）导致液态烃裂解温度降低20~40 ℃,加速高含硫化氢（H₂S）天然气藏的高效聚集;无机流体和矿物参与的加氢生气作用可提高天然气生成潜力20%~30%,是深层高—过成熟天然气生成的途径之一。多途径生气过程构成了天然气形成的完整演化序列,揭示在传统油气“死亡线”之下,深层—超深层仍具有天然气勘探潜力。     

油藏储层内有机-无机相互作用信息提取与烃源岩精细对比技术研究进展

指出油藏储层中的自生矿物和流体包裹体及其所含的烃类生物标志物,记录了油气藏流体在空间和时间上的非均质性分布特征,是油气流体充注储层过程时所发生的有机-无机相互作用信息的载体;近年来飞速发展的油藏储层固体-流体微区定量分析技术,已经成为储层地球化学和油藏地球化学研究的有效手段,在该领域所取得的研究成果和进展充分证明,运用该项新技术对油藏储层分析所获得的信息,已经远大于对油藏原油定量分析所获得的信息。认为通过油藏储层内烃类组分与烃源岩地球化学特征的分类对比极有可能成为判明我国陆相盆地多源多期复合油藏中不同充注期次烃类来源最有效的解决方案。     

The role of the electrode configuration on the electrical properties of small-molecule semiconductor thin-films

This paper presents a systematic analysis of the electrode configuration influence on the electrical properties of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin-film devices. We have fabricated and electrically characterized a set of planar two-terminal devices. The differences in I-V characteristics between the top and bottom contact structures are presented and analyzed. Top-contact configurations have a linear current vs. electric field behavior, while the bottom-electrode devices display a transition from ohmic to space-charge-limited conduction regime. The transition is temperature- and thickness-dependent. Finite-element calculations show that when the OSC film is connected using top electrodes, the current flows through the OSC bulk region. On the other hand, the bottom-electrode configuration allows most of the current to flow near the OSC/substrate interface. The current probes interfacial states resulting in a space-charge conduction regime. The results shed some light on the so-called “contact effects” commonly observed in organic thin-film transistors. The findings presented here have implications for both the understanding of the charge transport in OSC films and the design of organic semiconductor devices.     

益生菌对生物体内持久性有机污染物和重金属的调节作用研究进展

持久性有机污染物和重金属的污染问题是全球关注的重要问题,其持续暴露会带来严重的生态风险和健康问题。这些污染物具有稳定的物理和化学性质,在生物体和环境中存在持久性、生物累积性、毒性以及较强的长距离迁移的能力而受到广泛关注。研究表明,持久性有机污染物和重金属在生物体内的积累会引起生物体的氧化应激和免疫损伤,破坏肠道微生物群的组成结构,打破肠道菌群的平衡。益生菌能够维持宿主肠道微生物群的平衡与稳定,有效提高生物体的抗氧化能力和免疫细胞的活性。益生菌已被证明能够减少宿主体内污染物的积累、提高宿主的免疫功能和调节肠道菌群的平衡,从而降低污染物引起的毒性作用。因此,本文综述了益生菌对生物体内持久性污染物和重金属毒性的调节作用,旨在为污染物的消减提供理论参考。     

滤压式电解槽间接电氧化处理污染物的过程模拟

以含氨溶液模拟氨氮废水,根据其在氯离子存在下的间接电氧化的反应机理,运用物料平衡原理和法拉第电解定律,结合对滤压式电解槽传质系数的测定,建立了滤压式电解槽间接电氧化的数学模型。实验结果表明,所建立的滤压式电解槽间接电氧化数学模型能够较准确地反映滤压式电解槽中氨氮的间接电氧化降解行为。氨氮降解速率与电流密度和流速有关,在氯离子浓度满足氨氮降解需要的前提下,氨氮浓度与电解时间成线性关系,与氨氮初始浓度无关。     

A preliminary study on total removal efficiency of organic pollutants in sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant

To evaluate the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in the sewage by Harbin municipal sewage treatment plant,the influent and effluent samples from the plant were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) under conditions of acidity,neutrality and alkalescence in sequence,and then were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrum (GC-MS) procedures.Results indicate that there are 70 species of organic pollutants in the influent sample of the plant,which mainly consist of alkyls,benzene series,esters,and heterocyclic compounds.Some of these organic pollutants are biotoxic and belong to persistent organic pollutants (POPs).Four species among them are on the list of Prior Pollutants of Environmental Protection Agency of USA (USEPA).However,7 species of organic pollutants appearing in the effluent sample mainly include alkyls of multi-carbons and phthalate esters.The removal efficiency of phthalates is poor because of their poor biodegradability.The sewage treatment technique is effective in removing most of organics pollutants.