Instability due to Viscosity Stratification Downstream of a Centerline Injector

A common injector geometry upstream of a static mixer is the centerline injector. A flow instability can arise due to viscosity differences between the injected core‐flow and the outer co‐flow. This instability can adversely affect the effectiveness of the mixing operation. An experimental investigation of miscible viscosity‐stratified flow in a circular geometry was performed using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The experimental results for the stable region agree with the analytical results. The unstable region exhibits different modes depending on the viscosity ratio, volume flux ratio, and Reynolds number. The modes include wavy core‐flow with fissures and wavy core‐flow with core breakup. The time‐averaged experiment velocity profiles for the unstable core indicate a broadening of the jet at the centerline, which is consistent with the LIF visualization.     

Measurements of granular flows in two-dimensional hoppers by particle image velocimetry. Part I: experimental method and results

The objective of the present investigation was to test the applicability of particle image velocimetry (PIV), which is normally used for measuring velocities in liquids or gases, to measurement of velocities in granular flow. A second objective was to use PIV to provide experimental data for comparison with mathematical models. The flow of zinc particles, of size 0.4, 0.61 and 0.76 mm size, in a flat-bottomed two-dimensional hopper was measured by PIV. The particles were characterized using ASTM procedures for angle of repose, packing density and flow rate through a funnel. Through PIV, velocities and mass flow rates were determined for exit apertures 5 and 7.5 mm in width and 10, 30 and 50 mm long. The bed of particles in the hopper showed the expected stagnant zones on either side of the aperture. There was a continual avalanche of particles at the “V’’ which forms at the surface of the bed and some images of this avalanche, obtained with a boroscope, are included.     

A PIV study of hydrodynamics in gas-liquid high throughput experimentation (HTE) reactors with eccentric impeller configurations

High-throughput experimentation (HTE) is used for the screening of novel catalyst formulations via miniature agitated gas-liquid reactors with vessel volumes of an order of magnitude below the laboratory scale. An investigation of the macroscopic hydrodynamic performance of a miniaturised unbaffled stirred vessel of diameter 45 mm for an air-water system has been carried out at gassing rates of 0.25 and 0.5 vvm (dispersed flow regime) using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Measurements of bubble size and gas hold-up were also made. Eccentric agitation was employed as a means of breaking solid body rotation within the vessel, using a 6-blade, up-pumping pitched blade turbine. The gas phase was introduced via sintered glass panel spargers mounted in the vessel base. Two different configurations were used: firstly where the sparger located directly below the impeller, and secondly where the sparger was located opposite the impeller on the other side of the vessel. Measured distributions of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) for both gassed configurations were similar and showed significant differences to the ungassed case. Estimates of the gas-liquid interfacial area were at least 2-3 times higher than those found in conventional, lab-scale baffled vessels; this was attributed to the creation of very small bubbles at the sparger ().     

基于PIV技术的七喷嘴气化炉流场研究

为研究七喷嘴气化炉的流场分布,建立了顶置七喷嘴气化冷模试验装置,采用激光粒子成像测速系统(PIV)在气化炉的上部、中部及下部视窗进行了流场测试,比较分析了颗粒流量、分散风流量对气化炉流场的影响。结果表明,在颗粒流量20~150 kg/h,分散风流量740~880 m3/h的工艺条件下,气化炉上部流场呈现自由射流特点,射流长度为40 cm,平均射流速度为25 m/s,中下部流场则以返混区为主,流速在8 m/s以下;颗粒流量增大会使得最大射流速度由40 m/s降低至15 m/s,且气化炉上部射流粒子束的径向脉动增强,造成射流弥散;分散风流量增大使得最大射流速度由25 m/s增至35 m/s,射流长度无明显变化。颗粒流量和分散风流量对流场的影响主要体现在气化炉上部,对中下部流场的影响逐渐减弱。     

铝液充型过程水模拟计算机可视化技术

采用可视观察方法研究了铝液充型过程的二维流动状态,并与水模拟实验进行了对比分析,通过调整水粘度来保证水模拟过程与铝液充型过程的相似性.以PIV技术为基础,运用数字视频处理中的运动补偿技术,选用NCCF准则和三步搜索法对低压铸造浇注系统水模拟充型过程的内部二维流场进行了计算和分析;运用边缘检测及提取技术,选用Roberts边缘检测算子对低压铸造浇注系统水模拟充型过程的二维表面流场进行了计算和分析,实现了水模拟过程的量化分析.     

PIV射流管伺服阀啸叫问题的研究

射流管伺服阀在装调过程中会产生啸叫现象,导致伺服阀的弹簧管产生高频振荡,使得弹簧管迅速疲劳破裂,造成灾难性的事故.为解决此问题,利用Fluent对射流管伺服阀前置级进行流场分析,分析射流管伺服阀啸叫产生的机制;利用粒子成像测速技术(PIV)对射流管伺服阀前置级进行可视化试验验证,得到射流管伺服阀前置级内部流场的直观图像...     

湍流模型对钝体燃烧器流场模拟的影响

湍流燃烧过程涉及燃烧反应和湍流在微小时间和空间尺度上的耦合,因此湍流模型的有效性对燃烧器流场CFD模拟的准确性有重要影响。采用5种k-ε类和k-ω类两方程模型和雷诺应力模型模拟了钝体燃烧器内冷流流场,并采用PIV测量方法进行了实验验证。比较和分析数值模拟和PIV实验结果发现,不同湍流模型的模拟结果在诸如速度分布和涡结构上存在较大差别,标准k-ε模型和RNGk-ε的模拟流场最接近本文的实验结果。     

Experimental investigation on the effect of surface characterization of electrodes on the gas bubble dynamics in electrolyte flow and performance of FLA batteries by using PIV

In the flooded lead_acid batteries (FLAB), gas bubbles are initially formed on the surface of the electrodes, which are produced by electrochemical reactions, and then released into the electrolyte. In the present investigation, the effect of surface characterization of electrodes of FLAB on the gas bubble dynamic parameters in the electrolyte flow at different charging/discharging rates (C-rates) are studied utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. The results show that the capacity of FLAB have a linear behav-ior due to changes in each of the two parameters of the surface characterization of electrodes and the C-rate. At all State of charges (SOCs) of FLAB cells in different tests, increasing average roughness (Ra) and average wavelength of the roughness (ka) in the electrode surfaces, results in an increase in average bub-ble diameter and bubble rising velocity. Nevertheless, a sharp decrease in the void fraction of bubbles within the electrolyte was observed due to the increment in ka and Ra. Also, the effect of the rising move-ment of gas bubbles within the electrolyte on the average electrolyte velocity pattern in the gap between the electrodes by changing the surface characterization of electrodes are investigated in detail.     

几种框式桨搅拌槽内流动特性的比较研究

用粒子成像测速（PIV）技术对传统框式桨、传统框式组合桨和新型框式组合桨的流动特性进行研究,对比了三种框式桨在相同工况下搅拌槽内的速度、流型和湍动能。结果表明：传统框式桨搅拌槽内流体流动以水平环流为主,在框式桨上方和框式桨中间区域流体流动不充分;传统框式组合桨搅拌槽内框式桨上方由于二折叶桨的作用使得框式桨上部流体流速变大,槽内流体上下部的流动得到加强,但在框式桨中心区域依旧存在流动死区;新型框式组合桨搅拌槽内两层桨叶间的连接流得到了加强,框式桨底部和中间区域物质和能量的交换更加充分。在考察的三种框式桨中,新型框式组合桨的混合效果更好。研究结果可为新型框式组合桨应用于化工合成工业中提供参考。     

PIV直接测量泥沙沉速试验研究

本文应用激光测量仪器PIV对长江口水库泥沙水样在沉降筒中进行沉降速度场测量,得到了平均的泥沙沉速,并分析了含沙量、絮凝等因素对泥沙沉降的影响。同时通过试验发现PIV直接测量泥沙沉速是一种可行的、有效的试验方法。