XPS investigations of electrochemically formed passive layers on Fe/Cr-alloys in 0.5 M H2SO4

Passive layers on Fe20Cr and Fe15Cr were prepared by anodic oxidation in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ and were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The preparation of the sputter-cleaned samples and their transfer to the ultrahigh vacuum was performed under protection of purified argon without any contact to the laboratory atmosphere. The prepassive layer consists of a homogeneous film with Cr(III)hydroxide and Cr(III)-sulphate with a low content of Fe(II). In the passive potential range a bilayer structure with enrichment of Cr(III)-oxides with an outer hydroxide and an inner oxide part is formed. Iron exists only in a bivalent oxidation state. In the transpassive potential range a pronounced change of the layer composition was observed: The outer part of the transpassive layer is formed predominantly by Fe(III) species whereas the inner part still contains a strong enrichment of Cr₂O₃.     

Surface physico-chemistry study of an austenitic stainless steel: Effect of simple cold rolling treatment on surface contamination

The surface physico-chemistry properties of stainless steel and the effects of a cold rolling treatment were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were carried out on rolled surfaces at different rates. Thus, by characterizing passive film chemistry and contamination layer, the modifications due to this treatment were quantified, in particular an increase of the ratio (Fe/Cr)_oxide is evidenced with the level of the cold rolling treatment. Moreover, based on an angle resolved analysis, a new model where the contamination layer is represented as isolated parts was developed in order to describe the geometry of this carbon contamination. XPS experiments show an iron enrichment of the passive film during the cold rolling treatment, which seems to be explained by a surface heating during the mechanical treatment. Therefore, the new island model puts in evidence the effects of ageing time and surface condition on the geometry of carbon contamination. Hence, cold rolling increases the thickness and the recovery of carbon contamination on the stainless steel surface.     

Preparation of a two-dimensional polymer film on passivated iron by modification of a carboxylate ion self-assembled monolayer with alkyltriethoxysilanes for preventing passive film breakdown

The effect of an ultrathin, regularly arranged polymer film on prevention of passive film breakdown on iron in the presence of chloride ion was investigated. The film of two-dimensional polymer was prepared by modification of a 16-hydroxyhexadecanoate ion self-assembled monolayer adsorbed on a passivated iron electrode with 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane(C₂H₅O)₃Si(CH₂)₂Si(OC₂H₅)₃ and octyltriethoxysilane C₈H₁₇Si(OC₂H₅)₃. The pitting potentials of the passivated electrodes bare and covered with the polymer film were determined by anodic polarization measurements in a borate buffer solution containing 0.1 M of Cl⁻. The pitting potential of the coated electrode was higher than that of the uncoated one, indicating prevention of passive film breakdown. No breakdown was observed over the potential range in the passive and transpassive regions by covering the passive film with the well-arranged two-dimensional polymer film. The film was characterized by X-ray photoelectron and FTIR reflection spectroscopies and measurement of the contact angle with a drop of water.     

电化学改性不锈钢钝化膜的XPS/SERS研究

应用Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和表面增强拉曼光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）考察１８－８不锈钢表面电化学改性钝化膜各层次的化学组成。ＸＰＳ的结果表明电化学改性处理可使钝化膜老化。膜层中含大量的ＣｒＯ３,但未检测到ＣｒＯ４＾２－,在膜的各个层次均发生铬的富集,而在最外层铬的含量并非最大。表明在改性处理过程中,铬优先溶解,铁在膜的以存在Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）和ＦｅⅡ两种氧化态,同时有利于非晶态结构的形成。原位ＳＥＲＳ测试的结果指     

A study of the passive films on chromium by capacitance measurement

Using capacitance measurement and Mott-Schottky analysis, the semiconducting properties of passive films formed on chromium within the passive potential range under different conditions were investigated. The study reveals a p-type behavior of the passive layers. Two semiconductive parameters, i.e., the acceptor density (N_A) and the flatband potential (E_FB), which are mainly related to composition and surface charges of the passive films, have been measured. The effect of film formation potential, passivation time, pH and composition of solutions on the parameters are discussed. N_A increases either with lowering film formation potentials or with prolonging passivation times. This is attributed to the transformation of a less hydrated oxide film into a more hydrated form. The changes of E_FB are discussed as a function of adsorptive anions and pH values of electrolyte solution.     

NASA系列雪参数反演算法在单像元内的时间序列验证与分析

NASA系列算法(Chang,NASA96和Foster算法)是被动微波遥感反演雪深、雪水当量的简单、实用的经验算法,并经过了很多学者大范围的算法验证和改进。为了进一步评价NASA系列算法在东北地区的时空适用性,于长春净月潭区域选定了一个以农田和森林为主的10km×10km被动微波遥感混合像元,在时间上连续观测整个干雪期(2014年12月至次年2月)的积雪参数和气象数据,结合FY3B卫星搭载的微波成像仪(MWRI)亮温数据,对NASA系列算法精度进行了评价分析。结果表明:对于雪深的反演,Chang算法和NASA 96算法前期反演效果较好,后期随着时间的推进高估雪深的趋势愈加明显。由于考虑了森林覆盖率的影响,NASA 96算法的反演精度更高。两种算法最大高估值分别是24.46和14.62cm,这是因为期间雪性质不断变化,尤其是雪粒径不断增大的缘故。Foster算法也严重高估了雪水当量,可能是由于积雪类型的分类系统未必适合于东北地区的积雪特征。本文的积雪连续观测数据为认识东北地区的积雪特性奠定了基础,对算法的时间序列验证与分析为雪参数反演算法的进一步改进提供了可靠依据。     

麦秸强化石油烃污染耕地水浸洗盐过程及场地试验

针对油田产出水导致的含油盐污染耕地的生物强化修复,提出在土壤耕作层和主体层间填埋麦秸以强化水浸洗盐和抑制毛细返盐.结果表明,土壤中石油烃的浓度高于1.5% (质量分数)时会导致其疏水性增高而使得水浸润困难.添加5% (质量分数) 麦秸可使含油3.3%(质量分数)的盐污染土壤脱盐率从3%提高到25%,并可抑制毛细返盐.在中原油田实施了6 400　m²的现场实验,在耕作层(距地表25　cm)构建麦秸层,采用井水以及雨水进行洗盐,50 d后耕作层土壤电导率达到正常耕地水平的面积比例由17%提高到80%,Na⁺和Cl^-浓度分别从1 642.5 mg·kg^-1和1 301.2 mg·kg^-1下降到499.3 mg·kg^-1和433.8 mg·kg^-1.修复地块的小麦产量达正常耕地的72%,而对比地块仅为12%.说明添加麦秸可强化油盐混合污染耕地的水浸洗盐并抑制“毛细返盐".该方法操作便捷易行,在油盐混合污染耕地修复中具有很好的应用前景.     

一种基于Link606带无源PFC电路的开关电源

本文介绍一种带无源PFC的开关电源的实现方法,并将其与不带PFC功能的传统开关电源进行比较,阐述其工作原理,进一步从细节上分析其实现PFC作用的方式。选择PI公司的LINK606系列芯片,与该无源PFC电路组合,设计了一款开关电源,使该电源输出恒流。本文还给出了相关原理图、波形和实验数据。     

浅析广电数字双向网络改造中的EPON技术应用

以太无源先网络是一个专门应用于接入网的技术.采用点到多点的网络拓扑结构,在一芯光纤上利用上下行两个波传输数据,下行数据采用广播方式的时分复用方式,上行数据采用时分多址接入的方式,达到利用光纤实现数据、语音和视频多种业务接入的目的.     

Low-valence ion addition induced more compact passive films on nickel-copper nano-coatings

Ni-Cu nano-coatings were prepared by pulsed electroplating technique in the baths containing various amount of boric acid. Their microstructure, morphologies and corrosion resistance were characterized in detail. The addition of boric acid strongly influences on the microstructure of the Ni-Cu coatings. The coating with a grain size of 130 nm, obtained from the bath containing 35 g L⁻¹ boric acid, shows the highest corrosion resistance. This is attributed to the low-valence Cu ion (Cu⁺) additions in nickel oxide, which could significantly decrease the oxygen ion vacancy density in the passive film to form a more compact passive film. The higher Cu⁺ additions and the lower diffusivity of point defects (D₀) are responsible for the formation of more compact passive film on the coating obtained from the bath with 35 g L⁻¹ boric acid.