An efficient return algorithm for non-associated plasticity with linear yield criteria in principal stress space

An efficient return algorithm for stress update in numerical plasticity computations is presented. The yield criterion must be linear in principal stress space and can be composed of any number of yield planes. Each of these yield planes may have an associated or non-associated flow rule. The stress return and the formation of the constitutive matrix is carried out in principal stress space. Here the manipulations simplify and rely on geometrical arguments. The singularities arising at the intersection of yield planes are dealt with in a straightforward way also based on geometrical considerations. The method is exemplified on non-associated Mohr–Coulomb plasticity throughout the paper.     

Plastic instability in dual-pressure tube-hydroforming process

The tube-hydroforming process has become an indispensable manufacturing technique in recent years. Successful tube hydroforming requires bulging to take place without causing any type of instability such as bursting, wrinkling or buckling. The dual-pressure tube-hydroforming process was introduced to achieve a favorable tri-axial stress state in the deformation process. In this paper, the effect of applying counter pressure on plastic instability of thin-walled tubes is analyzed. It is concluded that in dual-pressure tube hydroforming, the onset of plastic instability is delayed and the ductility of the metal is increased.     

矫直状态下钢管弹塑性变形区的研究

根据钢管矫直时的变形规律，通过对矫直中钢管的力学状态及矫直前后的状态参数分析，建立了一种适于现场应用的确定钢管弹、塑性变形区的新方法。     

Improvement of device performances by thin interlayer in conjugated polymers/methanofullerene plastic solar cell

Recent studies have reported that a thin interlayer between poly(3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) and an emissive polymer layer leads to a large increase in the performances of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) by preventing significant quenching of the radiative excitons at the PEDOT: PSS interface; therefore, acting as an efficient exciton-blocking layer. Using the similar idea, a thin interlayer was fabricated between PEDOT: PSS and the active layer of conjugated polymers/methanofullerene composites in a plastic solar cell. The interlayer consisted of a poly(fluorene)-based hole transporter spin-coated directly on top of the PEDOT: PSS layer. The devices with the interlayer exhibited a higher efficiency than in those without the interlayer.     

Pro/E中Plastic Advisor分析软件在PP-R管件注射模设计中的应用

介绍了Pro/E中Plastic Advisor分析软件在注射模设计过程中的作用,以及采用PlasticAdvisor分析软件进行注塑模流道系统设计方案的评估优化的方法。在理论分析和计算的基础上,利用Plastic Advisor分析软件通过优化浇口位置和合理地配置工艺参数,将壁较厚的PP-R管件的熔接痕减到最小,为提高PP-R管件的模具质量提供可靠的技术保证。     

塑料模具材料数据库系统的开发与应用

采用结构化程序和规范化数据库技术开发了塑料模具材料数据库系统，介绍了数据库系统的总体结构、主要模块功能及选材方法。该系统对材料数据信息进行了科学的分类管理，提供了高效的查询方法，实现了对塑料模具材料数据库系统的有效维护。     

塑料激光成型新技术

研究和探讨了塑料激光塑性成型的成型机理、变形方向控制。阐述了该成型方法的特点、影响因素及材料特性。并介绍了成型实例。     

塑料制品的添加剂—成核剂的分类及研究

成核剂是促进聚合物结晶并改善其晶粒结构的改性剂，它主要包括无机类成核剂、有机类成核剂和高分子类成核剂，在聚合物中加入成核剂，加成了结晶速度，使聚合物的晶粒结构细化，缩短了成形周期，改善了产品的物理机械性能，使产品具有良好的加工和使用性能。     

Environmental etch performance, and scratch and mar of automotive clearcoats

Environmental etch damage to automotive coatings, and scratch and mar of these coatings are an important element of customer satisfaction as well as a significant warranty repair consideration for automotive companies. The conditions that result in environmental etch are examined and a laboratory test proposed. Data from this test are compared to automotive hoods exposed in Florida. The performance of various crosslinking chemistries is discussed and the requirements for improved environmental etch are outlined. Scratch and mar performance of these systems is also reviewed. We have found that coatings respond to physical stress by elastic recovery, by plastic flow and by brittle fracture. Classifying types of damage in this way is important for understanding the chemistry needed for improved scratch and mar of coatings.     

Plastic fats with zero trans fatty acids by interesterification of mango,mahua and palm oils

Speciality plastic fats with no trans fatty acids suitable for use in bakery and as vanaspati are prepared by interesterification of blends of palm hard fraction (PSt) with mahua and mango fats at various proportions. It was found that the interesterified samples did not show significant differences in solid fat content (SFC) after 0.5 or 1 h reaction time. The blends containing PSt/mahua (1:1) showed three distinct endotherms, indicating a heterogeneity of triacylglycerols (TG), the proportions of which altered after interesterification. The SFC also showed improved plasticity after interesterification. Similar results were observed with other blends of PSt/mahua (1:2). These changes in melting behavior are due to alterations in TG composition, as the trisaturated‐type TG were reduced and the low‐melting TG increased after interesterification. The blends containing PSt/mango (1:1) showed improvement in plasticity after interesterification, whereas those containing PSt/mango (2:1) were hard and showed high solid contents at higher temperature and hence may not be suitable for bakery or as vanaspati. The blends with palm and mahua oils were softer and may be suitable for margarine‐type products. The results showed that the blends of PSt/mahua (1:1, 1:2) and PSt/mango (1:1) after interesterification for 1 h at 80 °C showed an SFC similar to those of commercial hydrogenated bakery shortenings and vanaspati. Hence, they could be used in these applications in place of hydrogenated fats as they are free from trans acids, which are reported to be risk factors involved in coronary heart disease. For softer consistency like margarine applications, the blends containing palm oil and mahua oil are suitable.