赣江南支水环境现状及其治理研究

赣江南支系南昌市的主要纳污河流,南昌市大量水体污染物的排入不仅降低了该河流自身的水环境容量,也加重了鄱阳湖水体污染和富营养化的压力,其水环境状况不容乐观．通过多年水质监测资料、赣江南支分流比变化等分析,对其污染现状和趋势进行了研究和分析．     

Computational fluid dynamic simulations of coal-fired utility boilers: An engineering tool

The objective of this study was to develop an engineering tool by which the combustion behavior of coals in coal-fired utility boilers can be predicted. We presented in this paper that computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes can successfully predict performance of- and emission from- full-scale pulverized-coal utility boilers of various types, provided that the model parameters required for the simulation are properly chosen and validated. For that purpose we developed a methodology combining measurements in a 50 kW pilot-scale test facility with CFD simulations using the same CFD code configured for both test and full-scale furnaces. In this method model parameters of the coal processes are extracted and validated. This paper presents the importance of the validation of the model parameters which are used in CFD codes. Our results show very good fit of CFD simulations with various parameters measured in a test furnace and several types of utility boilers. The results of this study demonstrate the viability of the present methodology as an effective tool for optimization coal burning in full-scale utility boilers.     

Air Change Effectiveness and Pollutant Removal Efficiency during Adverse Mixing Conditions

Abstract The air change effectiveness (ACE), an indicator of the indoor airflow pattern, was measured in twenty-six laboratory experiments. Ventilation air was supplied through induction-type diffusers located in the ceiling and removed through a ceiling mounted return grille. The tracer-gas step-up measurement procedure was employed. In five of the experiments, pollutant removal efficiencies were also measured for simulated pollutant emissions from the floor covering and for simulated emissions from occupants. In experiments with heated supply air, supply airflow rates typical of the minimum supply flow rates of VAV ventilation systems, and 100% outside air, the ACE ranged from 0.69 to 0.89. These results indicate that significant short-circuiting of ventilation air between the supply air diffuser and return air grille does occur under these adverse conditions. Mechanical recirculation of air, so that the supply air contained approximately 50% outside air, increased the ACE by about 0.05. When the supply air was cooled, the ACE ranged from 0.99 to 1.15, adding to existing evidence that short-circuiting is rarely a problem when the building is being cooled. The pollutant removal efficiency for simulated pollutant emissions from the floor covering (PRE_floor) was strongly correlated with ACE (R²= 0.98) and the values of PRE_floor were within approximately 0.1 of the values of ACE. The pollutant removal efficiency for simulated pollutant emissions by occupants varied between workstations and was not as well correlated with the ACE.     

化工老厂废水综合治理探讨

上海赛璐珞厂是个创建于1938年的化工老厂，产品种类多，又大多沿用老工艺，三废污染多，单纯照搬国外的现有方法来治污都难以奏效，现采用的方法首先是清洁污染源，然后构筑生产车间防线，形成一个全厂综合治污系统，最后建立环保制度，终于解决了历史性的污染问题。     

铲运机液压油污染对液压系统的影响及预防

简要介绍了液压油的污染对铲运机液压系统正常工作的影响因素,联系生产实践分析了造成液压油污染的环节,液压油污染对液压系统的危害,以及为保证铲运机液压系统的正常运行所采取的控制液压油污染的对策。     

The use of ethanol–gasoline blend as a fuel in an SI engine

One of the major problems for the successful application of gasoline–alcohol mixtures as a motor fuel is the realization of a stable homogeneous liquid phase. To overcome this problem, a new carburetor was designed. With the use of this new carburetor, not only the phase problem was solved but also the alcohol ratio in the total fuel was increased.By using ethanol–gasoline blend, the availability analysis of a spark-ignition engine was experimentally investigated. Sixty percent ethanol and 40% gasoline blend was exploited to test the performance, the fuel consumption, and the exhaust emissions.As a result of this study, it is seen that a new dual fuel system could be serviceable by making simple modifications on the carburetor and these modifications would not cause complications in the carburetor system.     

YC6108ZQ 4气门柴油机的开发及性能研究

根据YC6108ZQ柴油机的结构特点和工艺性要求，确立了4气门柴油机气门和气道的布置方案，气门尺寸和位置，选定了气道参数，设计了4气门柴油机气缸盖和摇臂机构，重新匹配了燃烧系统与供油系统，开发成功了YC6108ZQ4气门柴油机。发动机台试验结果表明，该4气门柴油机的功率提高了9%，最大转矩提高了12.7%，柴油机的经济性能有较大程度的改善，燃油经济区域的工况范围扩大，最低燃油消耗率降低。开发的4气门柴油机能够满足亚洲I号排放标准的要求，尤其是CO和NOx排放降低效果明显。所开发成功的YC6108ZQ4气门柴油机进气系统，供油系统和燃烧系统等匹配较好，达到了良好的燃烧效果，其动力性，经济性和排放水平达到了较高的水平。     

奥里油在电厂中的应用概况及其SOx的控制技术

介绍了奥里油组成、物理特性及其在电厂中的应用情况,并对国外奥里油电站锅炉SO掊的排放状况以及采取的控制技术和经验作了概述。通过对国外奥里油电站采取的SO掊控制技术的分析、综合和比较,提出了目前我们应该开展的研究重点和方向,从而为奥里油燃烧脱硫技术的采用和改进提供参考。     

Biomarker response in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris exposed to chemical pollutants

Earthworms are important organisms for the soil ecosystem. They are sensitive to toxic chemicals and represent useful bioindicator organisms for soil biomonitoring. Recently the use of biomarkers in earthworms has been increasingly investigated for soil monitoring and assessment purpose. The aim of the preset paper was to analyze the pollutant-induced response of a suite of cellular and biochemical biomarkers in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris exposed to copper sulphate or methiocarb in OECD soil at the maximal concentrations recommended in agriculture. These responses were compared to lifecycle parameters such as survival, growth and reproduction.Granulocyte morphometric alteration, lysosomal membrane stability, metallothionein concentration, and acetylcholinesterase activity were considered. In either copper sulphate or methiocarb exposure conditions the mean percentage variation of the pollutant-induced molecular and cellular biomarkers was consistent with the whole organism end-point responses. In particular pollutant-induced granulocyte enlargement, detected in either copper sulphate or methiocarb exposed organisms, showed to be a potential general biomarker that may be directly linked to organism health. Compared to the other biological responses to pollutants, it showed high sensitivity to pollutant exposure suggesting its possible applications as a sensitive, simple, and quick general biomarker for monitoring and assessment applications.     

Lead isotopes reveal different sources of lead in balsamic and other vinegars

Fifty-eight brands of balsamic vinegars were analyzed for lead concentrations and isotopic compositions (²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb) to test the findings of a previous study indicating relatively high levels of lead contamination in some of those vinegars — more than two thirds (70%) of them exceeded California's State Maximum Level (34 μg/L) based on consumption rates ≥ 0.5 μg Pb per day. The Lead isotopic fingerprints of all those vinegars with high lead concentrations were then found to be primarily anthropogenic. This isotopic analysis unquestionably reveals multiple contamination sources including atmospheric pollutant Pb and an unidentified contamination source, likely occurring after grape harvest. Organically grown grape vinegars display the same Pb content and isotopic signatures as other vinegars. This implies that pesticides might not be a significant source of pollutant Pb in vinegars. A significant post-harvest contamination would be inherited from chemicals added during production and/or material used during transport, processing or storage of these vinegars. This is consistent with the highest Pb levels being found in aged vinegars (112 ± 112 μg/L) in contrast to other vinegars (41.6 ± 28.9 μg/L) suggesting contamination during storage. It is, therefore, projected that lead levels in most vinegars, especially aged balsamic and wine vinegars, will decrease with improvements in their manufacture and storage processes consequential to recent concerns of elevated levels of lead in some vinegars.