Linear actuation in coextruded dielectric elastomer tubes

Cylindrical fibre actuators have been constructed by a coextrusion method using a thermoplastic polyurethane wall and a conductive grease filler. These actuators may be operated as single fibres or bundled together as actuating ropes. Key results include the validation of Carpi’s wall pressure model [F. Carpi, D.D. Rossi, Dielectric elastomer cylindrical actuators: electromechanical modelling and experimental evaluation, Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. 24 (2004) 555–562] and the proof-of-concept demonstration of a technique that can be used for producing inexpensive dielectric elastomer actuators on an industrial scale.     

Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain with long period grating pairs using low resolution detection

An investigation showing the performance of compact long period grating (LPG) pairs under demanding experimental conditions, making comparisons with the use of single LPGs for the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature is presented. In this work, a LPG pair (LPGP) sensor comprising two weak (2.5 dB each) LPGs, 13 mm apart, was compared against the performance of two single LPG sensors (LPG1 & LPG2) with coupling strengths of 2.5 dB and 12.5 dB, respectively. All the LPG sensors used were subjected to extreme conditions arising from the fabrication, by choosing a high amplitude mask period with short physical length LPGs, and the high temperature annealing processes. In addition, a low resolution detection instrument was used to capture the spectra under study. Results have shown that the LPGP is 40 times better than the first single LPG used (LPG1) and three times better than the second LPG (LPG2). Using the error analysis methodology of Brady et al., the temperature and strain errors due to the uncertainty of the wavelength measurement for each of the LPG1, LPG2, and LPGP were compared with the typical performance of various fibre Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensor schemes under similar testing conditions. It was found that LPGPs offer the best performance especially when using low resolution detection instrumentation.     

一种用于信令寻径高速光纤交换网的信令降频方法

针对高速光纤交换网络高质量的交换服务需求,提出了一种适用于信令寻径式高速光纤通道交换机的信令降频方法.该方法采用一套特殊的序列码对信令帧内容进行编码后传输,以达到信令帧信号频率成倍降低的目的,使交换机无需借助串并转换器对高频信令帧进行降频,就能够直接识别信令帧内容.试验结果显示,采用信令降频方法后,交换机的结构显著简化,可靠性得到很大提高,并且硬件成本大大降低.     

基于Fibre Chanel组播的远程数据备份体系结构

数据备份是容灾的基础.本文提出了一种基于FC组播服务的远程数据备份方法,对其工作原理和所涉及到的粗波分复用和流量控制等关键技术进行了研究,对基于FC组播的数据备份系统的性能和所属的容灾层次等内容进行了分析.     

基于Fibre Channel的存储局域网络设计与研究

提出了一种用Ｆｉｂｒｅ Ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ－Ａｒｂｉｔａｔｅ Ｌｏｏｐ构建存储局域网络的方案并对Ｆｉｂｒｅ Ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ的体系结构进行了研究,以适应当今计算机数据量和存储访问需求急剧增长的情况。     

光纤通道存储局域网(FC_SAN)管理系统的研究

从管理角度介绍了典型的光纤通道局域网（Ｆｉｂｒｅ Ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ Ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ Ａｒｅａ Ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ,以下简称ＦＣ_ＳＡＮ）环境,并阐述了管理该环境所面临的问题。同时,提出了一种局域网（Ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ Ａｒｅａ Ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ,以下简称ＳＡＮ）管理体系,该体系分为两层,分别提供面向对象的服务和与实体相关的服务。     

光纤通道适配器基本原理及其实现的研究

本文在分析光纤通道协议结构的基础上,研究了光纤通道主机适配器的体系结构和电路原理,以ISP2200A为核心芯片探讨了其电路实现和作业流程。所获得的结论对于光纤通道接口的设计和构建SAN系统具有普遍的意义。     

Mineral admixtures in mortars: Effect of inert materials on short-term hydration

This work is the first part of an overall project the aim of which is the development of general mix design rules for concrete containing different kinds of mineral admixtures. The separation of the different physical effects responsible for the modification of cement hydration, when chemically inert quartz powders are used in mortars, is presented. The phenomenological approach, based on semi-adiabatic calorimetry, is only associated with first-order phenomena, and the study excludes the complex physicochemical details involved in the chemistry of cement. The results, obtained for a wide range of fineness (between 180 and 2000 m²/kg) and replacement rates (up to 75%), show that short-term degrees of hydration in mortars containing a chemically inert mineral admixture (quartz) are always higher than for a reference mortar. This study confirms that cement hydration is enhanced by inert mineral admixtures. The two main physical effects responsible for the modification of the hydration of cement are identified as the dilution effect and heterogeneous nucleation. The dilution effect of the cement is highlighted with a coarse mineral admixture. The heterogeneous nucleation effect, although it increases with fineness of mineral admixtures, presents an optimum depending on the replacement rate. In the following part of this work, these results will be used for the development of an empirical model allowing us to quantify both physical effects.     

The relation between cycling time to exhaustion and anaerobic threshold

Abstract

This study investigated whether the anaerobic threshold (AnT) could be used to predict prolonged work capacity measured as cycling time to exhaustion (= endurance time) and which factors, in addition to relative exercise intensity, could explain variation in endurance time. Theoretical exercise intensities corresponding to certain endurance times were also calculated. The hyperbolic and exponential functions between cycling time and relative work rate (WR[%]), as well as between cyling time and relative oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂[%]) were fitted to the pooled data (n = 45) of 17 subjects. The WR(%) and [Vdot]O₂ (%) were expressed as a percentage of the subject's own AnT- and maximum -values. At WR corresponding to AnT (i.e., 70% of WR_max) an average subject could cycle 60 min according to both AnT- or maximum-related exponential function. When prediction was done for an endurance time of 4 h, the AnT-related exponential function gave 2·9%-units ( = 11 W or ～0·15 O₂1 · min^?1) lower intensity level (51% of WR_max than the maximum-related function (54% of WR_max). The WR(%) alone explained 54% and 70% of the variation in endurance time of the AnT-related and maximum-related exponential functions, respectively. Muscle fibre composition and initial blood lactate or relative muscle glycogen depletion (change in muscle glycogen as percentage) increased significantly the explanatory power of these models. The differences between the observed and expected exercise times correlated with blood lactate accumulation (r = ?0·42; p < 0·01), muscle fibre composition (r = 0·33; p < 0·05) and relative muscle glycogen depletion (r = 0·67; p < 0·01). It was concluded that the capacity for prolonged work measured as cycling time to exhaustion can be estimated by AnT-related power output, and that the exponential function model is the most suitable. Prediction power of the model can be improved by multiple regressions including muscle fibre composition, initial blood lactate level and relative muscle glycogen depletion.     

Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of lignite and plastic

The study firstly discusses the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and then investigates the pyrolysis of lignite and co-pyrolysis with plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene) in tube furnace. Meanwhile, the research focuses on the co-pyrolysis products under different mixing ratios as well as pyrolysis products at different testing temperatures and heating rates. The results show that higher final testing temperature and lower heating rate contribute to bond fission in lignite pyrolysis, resulting in less char product. In co-pyrolysis, lignite acts as hydrogen donor, and the yields of char and water rise with increasing amount of plastic in the mixture, while the yields of gas and tar decrease; and a little admixture of plastic will promote the production of gas and tar. Kinetic studies indicate that in temperature range of 530–600 °C, activation energies of lignite are higher than those of lignite/plastic blends, and as plastic mass ratio increases from 0% to 10%, samples need less energy to be decomposed during co-pyrolysis.