基于并行遗传算法的弹性TSP研究

文章针对并行遗传算法求解TSP问题,探讨了使用弹性策略来维持群体的多样性,使得算法跨过局部收敛的障碍,向全局最优解方向进化.通过对算法的分析和实验,尤其是在典型的CHN144 TSP求解上发现了新的最优解这一结果表明,本文算法的改进是有效的.     

Feedback controllability assessment and control of particle size distribution in emulsion polymerisation

In this article, the importance of particle size distribution (PSD) control as a means for the inferential control of the rheology of emulsion polymers is illustrated. A controllability assessment is presented to illustrate the attainability or otherwise of bimodal PSD using feedback control through a consideration of the process mechanisms—measurement limitations and process constraints that prevent the implementation of feedback corrections. The suitability of a batch-to-batch iterative feedback PSD control is demonstrated, which could act in addition to any in-batch feedback control, the latter being less feasible in certain cases, as argued in this article. A detailed population balance model is used for the batch-to-batch control, which simplifies model update and feedback correction.     

The application of the attainable region analysis to comminution

The aim of any comminution circuit is to produce material of a desired particle size distribution (PSD) at a minimum operational cost. Currently, the comminution process is energy intensive and operates at very low efficiency when the input energy is compared to the breakage achieved. The attainable region (AR) technique has been successfully used to solve optimization problems simultaneously with the process synthesis formulation of reactor systems. The AR looks at the fundamental processes of a given system and determines all the possible outputs to which the objective function can be applied and an optimal process solution selected.Particle breakage, separation (classification) and mixing are identified as the three fundamental processes of interest taking place during comminution. Breakage and mixing processes are used in this paper to illustrate the applicability of the AR theory in comminution. We develop a fundamentally based model which is equipment independent to describe breakage. Specific energy is the independent variable and the production of particles with a certain PSD is the objective function. We use geometric construction to represent this PSD as a point in an n-dimensional space in relation to an input specific energy. Output PSDs are dependent on the input PSDs, allowing connectivity of the batch grinding stages to form a pseudo-continuous process.Specific energy is used as the control variable to obtain sharper product PSDs. It is shown that the same net energy consumed in the system can produce different product PSDs. Therefore, this implies that the design of comminution circuits should achieve better control of the specific energy. Once the candidate AR is constructed, operational process targets can be defined more accurately. This establishment of targets permits a measure of the actual process efficiency against a theoretical target. The advantage of the AR method lies in its ability to develop not only the performance of the optimal circuit but also the operational conditions to be used in the optimal process circuit. This also answers the process synthesis question of the type of equipment to be used which is a function of the specific energy.     

基于GIS的人口反演及空间归位初探

人口数据是城乡规划管理的基础。现行人口数据因统计部门、口径、方式的不同而有较大差异,特别是人口数据不能在空间上展现,难以满足城乡规划及管理的相关需求。在GIS支持下,根据一定空间范围内的基础设施利用量与人口数量成正比的关系,反演城市人口和研究其空间分布特征,对城乡规划及城市管理具有重要作用。     

A literature review of theoretical models for drop and bubble breakup in turbulent dispersions

This paper presents a literature review on mechanisms and models for the breakage of bubbles and drops (fluid particles) in turbulent dispersions. For the mechanisms, four categories are summarized, namely, turbulence fluctuation, viscous shear stress, shearing-off process and interfacial instability. The models for breakup frequency and daughter size distribution available in literature are reviewed thoroughly. The development and limitation of the existing models are studied and possible improvements are proposed.     

Modeling fluid behavior and droplet interactions during liquid-liquid separation in hydrocyclones

A mechanical separation process in a hydrocyclone is described in which disperse water droplets are separated from a continuous diesel fuel phase. This separation process is influenced by droplet-droplet interaction effects like droplet breakup and coalescence resulting in a change of droplet size distribution. A simulation model is developed coupling the numerical solution of the flow field in the hydrocyclone based on computational fluid dynamics with population balances. The droplet size distribution is discretized and each discrete droplet size fraction is assumed to be an individual phase within a multiphase-mixture model. The droplet breakup and coalescence rates are defined as mass transfer rates between the discrete phases by the aid of user-defined functions. All model equations are solved with the CFD software package FLUENT™. The investigations show the impact of the cyclone geometry on the coupled population and separation dynamics. Cyclone separators with an optimized geometry show less steep velocity gradients increasing the coalescence rates and improving the separation efficiency. The calculated droplet size distributions at the cyclone overflow and at the underflow show good accordance with experimental data. The basic modeling approach can be extended and adapted to other disperse multiphase flow systems.     

Development of microsatellite markers and a preliminary assessment of population structuring in the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.)

The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae is one of the primary pests of stored grains worldwide. To develop and implement an effective integrated pest management strategy, an understanding of the population structuring of this destructive pest is vital. In this study we used Illumina paired-end sequencing to develop S. oryzae species-specific microsatellite markers, and used these markers to conduct a preliminary assessment of population structuring in four populations of S. oryzae from three countries (Australia, China, and USA). 7,635,996 raw sequencing reads were produced, with 11,794 microsatellites detected and 214,257 primer options designed. 48 microsatellite markers were selected for further validation, with 10 markers amplifying consistently across the four S. oryzae populations. These markers displayed a high level of polymorphism overall (6.67 alleles/locus), though this was slightly lower within populations (3.10–4.88 alleles/locus). We used the markers to conduct a preliminary assessment of genetic structuring among the four S. oryzae populations: three laboratory cultures (New South Wales, Queensland, and Santai) and a field collected population from Kansas. Analyses suggest high levels of genetic differentiation between the sample locations, with a global F_ST of 0.239, and pairwise F_ST values ranging from 0.100 to 0.395. Bayesian clustering analyses suggest these four populations formed four distinct clusters, with a similar pattern identified by Principal Coordinate Analysis. These microsatellite markers, together with our preliminary population genetic analyses, will provide a valuable resource for population genetic research, and contribute to effective integrated pest management strategies in the future.     

Microsatellite markers for Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) is a destructive insect pest of stored products. Due to this pest's broad host range, short life cycle, and high reproductive capacity, it has rapidly spread throughout the world. Understanding the population structuring of this important pest is vital for developing and implementing an effective integrated pest management strategy. In this study, we isolated 19 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from an enriched genomic library based on a biotin/streptavidin capture protocol. The genetic parameters were estimated based on 80 individual R. dominica from two natural populations. The numbers of alleles ranged from 3 to 10, and sixteen loci exhibited polymorphic information contents (PICs) greater than 0.5. The observed (H_O) and expected (H_E) heterozygosities ranged from 0.033 to 0.900 and 0.310 to 0.882, respectively. Six locus/population combinations significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). These microsatellite markers will provide a valuable resource for studying the population genetic structure of this species.     

A mathematical model for predicting spray atomization characteristics in an Eulerian–Eulerian framework

A new mathematical model is developed for calculating droplet break-up frequency based on both drag and turbulence induced fragmentation stresses. The droplet break-up model is introduced into a CFD methodology that is based on the Eulerian–Eulerian approach. The CFD solver couples the population balance equation along with the Navier–Stokes equations for predicting the droplets diameter. Finally, preliminary results using this CFD model are presented for the case of a coaxial airblast atomizer and a good agreement with the experimental data is achieved.     

环流通风对粮堆内嗜卷书虱成虫种群数量调控研究

目前,粮食在储藏期间书虱爆发越来越严重,而且难以防治,直接威胁粮食数量安全和卫生安全。本研究主要开展环流通风工艺调控粮堆内书虱成虫种群数量研究,实验结果发现0. 036、0. 054、0. 065m/s单位面积通风量环流通风对其有明确的生态调控效果,随着通风时间的增加,粮堆内嗜卷书虱死亡率可达到100%。同时,环流通风对粮堆内嗜卷书虱成虫种群数量调控强度与调控时间随单位面积通风量的增大而增强增快,0.036、0.054、0. 065 m/s单位面积通风量环流通风工艺下,粮堆内嗜卷书虱死亡率达80%时所需时间分别为84、72、30 h。使用生长曲线Logistic函数模型对环流通风过程中通风时间与嗜卷书虱成虫死亡率进行方程拟合。得到0. 036、0. 054、0. 065 m/s单位面积通风量环流通风嗜卷书虱成虫死亡率函数关系式分别为:M=0.002 1+0.038 3×0.985 4~t、M=-0.005 2+0.026 7×0.994 5~t、M=0.008 3+0.016 8×0.954 4~t;达到调控目的所需环流通风时间(LT_(90))分别为98. 4、89. 4、38. 3 h。