遗产保护视角下的国家公园建设

国家公园是国家的重要遗产。该文首先从遗产保护的视角比较分析了北美和西欧两种不同的国家公园模式。其次,结合我国当前建设国家公园体制的现实需要,对我国的风景遗产特征,风景保护存在的问题进行梳理,指出在国家公园建设的探索中,我国比较注重研究借鉴美国的国家公园模式,但对西欧模式重视不够。最后,从国家公园体系、目标、管理机制等方面对我国的国家公园建设提出建议与思考。     

基于高斯过程机器学习的岩爆等级识别方法

针对岩爆发生等级与其影响因素之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,如何根据影响因素有效识别岩爆等级是一类复杂的模式识别问题。提出了一种基于高斯过程二元分类模型的岩爆等级识别方法,该方法通过对少量学习样本的学习,就可以建立岩爆等级与其影响因素之间的复杂非线性映射关系。将方法应用于锦屏二级水电站长探洞和引水隧洞岩爆等级实例,研究结果表明,该方法具有模型参数自适应确定、容易实现且识别精度高等优点,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Reducing SO(2) in fresh pork burgers by adding chitosan

The use of 0.02 or 0.05% chitosan is proposed to reduce from 450 to 150mgkg(-1) the SO(2) required to preserve pork burgers aerobically packed and stored at 2°C for up to 21days under retail display conditions. The effects of chitosan and/or sulfite addition and the storage time were determined in fresh (color deterioration, lipid oxidation, pH, total viable counts, Escherichia coli and coliforms, Salmonella, appearance and odor) and cooked (appearance, odor, flavor and texture) burgers. The addition of either 0.02 or 0.05% chitosan was not detected by sensory analysis, and extended the shelf life of low-SO(2) burgers from 7 to 14days. Chitosan enhanced the preservative effects of sulfite at a low dose, acting on the main causes of meat deterioration (bacterial spoilage, color stability and lipid oxidation), and provided good sensory properties to fresh and cooked pork burgers.     

石油与天然气运移研究综述

石油与天然气都是流体矿产,在岩石中的运移主要是一种地球物理作用。油气运移研究的主要问题是动力学和运动学机制,也就是运移的动力、相态、通道和数量。初次运移的动力主要是异常高压,二次运移的动力主要是浮力和流体势差。石油运移的相态主要是油相,天然气可以是水溶相、油溶相、气相和扩散相。石油以油相运移、天然气以气相运移最为有效,无需相态转变就能直接成藏。初次运移的通道主要是微裂隙。并不是所有可渗透岩石都是二次运移通道,有效运移通道和主流向是二次运移的特征。断层在活动时具通道性,活动期后的封闭与成岩作用有关,长期活动的断层是油气运移的通道。油气运移动力的积蓄与释放和通道的开启与封闭交替出现,决定了排烃和二次运移都是幕式的,从而决定了充注圈闭和成藏的幕式性,这已得到油藏地球化学研究的证实。油气幕式运移与地流体的幕式流动都与地壳的幕式构造活动相辅相成、互为因果。油气运移是发生在地质历史过程中的事件,因此其研究方法应当是动态分析和综合研究。目前油气运移研究仍存在很多理论和方法上的问题,加强基础理论的研究、总结各类盆地的运聚规律、提高计算机模拟和实验室模拟的水平,是今后油气运移研究的当务之急     

桂中坳陷下石炭统黑色页岩发育特征及页岩气勘探潜力

位于广西壮族自治区中部的桂中坳陷石炭系具有较好的页岩气勘探前景,但优质页岩的分布、品质和勘探潜力不清制约了该区页岩气的勘探成效。为了指导该坳陷石炭系页岩气的勘探,以下石炭统鹿寨组页岩为研究对象,利用该坳陷及周缘野外露头、钻井录井、分析测试等资料,对页岩地层的分布特征、有机地球化学特征、储集特征、保存条件等进行了系统研究,落实黑色页岩发育特征,总结优质页岩展布规律,分析页岩气勘探潜力,圈定勘探有利区带。研究结果表明:(1)桂中坳陷鹿寨组页岩以深水陆棚相沉积的碳质页岩、硅质页岩为主;(2)鹿寨组优质页岩厚度介于20～60 m,有机碳含量高、有机质类型好、有机质成熟度适中、脆性矿物含量高、储集物性较好、有机质孔隙发育;(3)柳城斜坡和宜山凹陷发育良好的区域盖层和顶底板,构造变形程度较弱,抬升剥蚀作用较弱,远离走滑性质较强的逆断层,具有良好的保存条件;(4)该坳陷早期地表构造所钻浅井气显示丰富、多口井获得天然气流,揭示了较好的页岩气勘探前景。结论认为,柳城斜坡带、宜山凹陷埋藏深度较大的宽缓向斜是该坳陷页岩气勘探的有利区。     

数字微波动力环境监控系统方案

介绍数字微波站动力设备及环境监控系统监控的主要内容,监控系统的设计,监控设备的配置及监控系统的分级管理,阐述了微波监控中心的功能及下属各个微波站监控系统的设计和配置。     

Impact of whole-building hygrothermal modelling on the assessment of indoor climate in a library building

This paper focuses on the importance of accurately modelling the hygrothermal interaction between the building and its hygroscopic content for the assessment of the indoor climate. Libraries contain a large amount of stored books which require a stable relative humidity to guarantee their preservation. On the other hand, visitors and staff must be comfortable with the indoor climate.     

Some Ozone Applications in Seafood

The use of ozonized seawater to reduce and eliminate bacterial pathogens in mariculture facilities and to extend shelf life of marine food products is demonstrated. Consequent benefits of this treatment are also discussed. Laboratory and pilot experiments were conducted using ozone gas to reduce disease-producing Vibrio sp. bacteria at a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannameii) hatchery in Ecuador, South America. Pacific Ocean seawater was treated in a 1,540 L capacity fiberglass contact tower (5–7 min retention) with an ozone oxidant residual of 0.07 mg/L. Prior to ozone treatment, Vibrio determined by TCBS plating was too numerous to count, causing shrimp to die of disease (30 tanks of 13,000 L each). After treatment, Vibrio counts and shrimp disease were eliminated, ozonized seawater decreased the time required for normal molting of shrimp and the total growth cycle was reduced by three days versus control water. From June 1991 until September 1992, survival rates of larval shrimp were robust, routine antibiotic addition was reduced, and one additional growth cycle was realized. Ozonized ice (fresh water) was prepared in the Milford Laboratory CT, USA; Gloucester Food Tech Lab, MA, USA; and a field station (brine water) for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Homer, AK. USA. In these studies, squid (Loligo pealei) and commercially captured salmon demonstrated a reduction in spoilage and extension of shelf life of 3 to 5 days' time using ozonized ice. Bacteria associated with commercial ice-producing machines were reduced by 4 logs using ozone treatment. In addition, no flavor aberration was noted using ozonized ice.     

"多级"结构用H型钢冶炼、连铸工艺的开发

马钢利用铌微合金化技术开发出了“多级”结构用热轧H型钢,它同时满足三个标准的要求,本文介绍了其冶炼、连铸生产工艺,通过本生产工艺的异型坯质量优良,满足了轧H型钢生产的需要,使马钢热轧H型钢产品成功打入了美国市场。     

三级配混凝土轴向拉伸应力～变形全曲线的试验研究

通过对三级配混凝土轴向拉伸应力-变形全曲线的试验研究，提出了可以推广应用于全级配混凝土相应试验研究的加载装置和加荷方式．