Charles R. (Bob) Schuster (1930–2011).

Charles R. (Bob) Schuster, an internationally recognized researcher on the psychopharmacology of drugs of abuse, passed away on February 21, 2011. Bob Schuster was a pioneer in the scientific study of addiction and one of the founders of a specialized research field called behavioral pharmacology. Bob mentored many young scientists, including 15 doctoral students, 9 postdoctoral fellows, and many visiting scientists from around the world, as well as junior faculty members at the academic institutions where he had faculty appointments. Bob was active in numerous professional organizations and was the recipient of many national and international awards. Personally, Bob Schuster touched the lives of a great many people: his students, colleagues, extended family, and many friends. Bob is survived by his wife and colleague Chris-Ellyn Johanson; four children, Lyzbett, Rebecca, Robert, and Alyson; and seven grandchildren. He is also survived by his sister Bette Quemore. He was a man of many talents, a loving husband and father, and a great friend. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Computer models and the brain

Psychologists and computer enthusiasts have talked at length about the relationships between processing of information by the brain and processing of information by the computer. Models relating the two have been suggested, and attempts to draw analogies between the methods in which a computer would do a task and how the brain works have been frequent. Indeed, it has become popular to discuss brain functions in terms of computer terminology, and to project to the time when computers will duplicate brain processes. The present article discusses some of the difficulties and misassumptions which can arise from such discussions, and discusses those issues which must be addressed by those who wish to use the computer as a substitute for the brain.     

Charles Roger Myers (1906-1985).

Presents an obituary for Charles Roger Myers, who died in Toronto on June 5, 1985. Roger Myers shared the distinction of being one of the first two psychology internes employed by the Ontario Hospital Service. He served as the first Consulting Psychologist for the Ontario Department of Health from 1930 to 1963. He was the first person in charge of research at the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital before World War II. He was a founding member of the Canadian Psychological Association in 1940, its secretary, its president (1950-1951), its first executive officer (1970-1978) and its archivist. He was a man who left as his ultimate legacy a strong, vigorous, and unified department that strives to contribute to the creation and dissemination of psychological knowledge not only in Canada but in the world. In all of these ways his life has touched thousands of others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished scientific award for the application of psychology: Charles R. Schuster.

The Distinguished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychology is presented to a person who has made distinguished theoretical or empirical advances leading to the understanding or amelioration of important practical problems. The 1992 winner is Charles R. Schuster. Schuster was chosen for outstanding contributions and leadership in behavioral pharmacology and drug abuse research. He creatively applied concepts and methods from the experimental analysis of behavior to the study of drugs of abuse and was a pioneer in the use of human subjects for behavioral pharmacology research. In addition, his innovative studies of tolerance led to a worldwide appreciation for the role of learning in adaption to repeated drug use. A biography for Schuster is presented, along with a selected bibliography of his work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Measuring the Heavens: Charles S. Peirce and Astronomical Photography

Taking its point of departure from the current digitisation of the Harvard Astronomical Plate Collection, this article follows the plates back to the time when the status of photography as a research tool for astronomers was still to be established. It focuses on Charles S. Peirce, who, while employed by the US Coast Survey, made astronomical observations and contributed to the deliberation over visual and photographic methods. Particular attention is paid to Peirce’s involvement in early explorations of photography’s potential as a measurement tool. The guiding assumption is that approaching photography as a tool, rather than as a sign or representation, offers new inroads into the old problem of photography’s revealing powers and its capacity to serve as a means of discovery in science. Drawing on Peirce’s scientific practice as an alternative resource for theory construction, this article contributes to the ongoing efforts to conceptualise the productive or generative dimension of photographic methods. It concludes by pointing to the diagrammatic notion of evidence developed late in Peirce’s philosophical career, proposing that photography be reconceived as a diagrammatic tool.     

严格写实——从原作到译品

本文通过对查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》及其两个中译版中有关真实问题的探讨,指出无论是原作还是译品都要把握真实原则才能获得成功。     

北京后海振贝子花园

北京后海振贝子花园位于什刹海南岸,是清末贝子载振的别墅,在当时的上层社会一度享有盛誉。此园占地广阔,格局灵活,其中有连绵的青石假山和两个曲折的水池,通过“弓”字形的游廊串连厅堂亭榭等建筑,还在敞轩中安装大镜子以倒映什刹海的风光,表现出独特的景象。园北墙内临水构筑了一座二层洋楼,不但宜于观景,也反映出园主的崇洋心理。通过文献考证和复原分析,对这座私家园林的历史沿革、基本布局以及造园手法进行了探讨。     

从传统走向未来——印度建筑师查尔斯·柯里亚

印度建筑师查尔斯·柯里亚是世界知名的建筑大师。在40余年的建筑实践中,他走出了一条独具印度特色的当代乡土建筑之路。为发展中国家的建筑师树立了一个攀登世界建筑高峰的榜样。本文以传统和现代为切入点,从文化价值的角度出发,结合查尔斯·柯里亚深邃的建筑思想和人生哲学,对其作品及其创作手法进行深入的剖析,从而全面地解读查尔斯·柯里亚是如何地“能轻而易举地把过去重新转化为一种卓越非凡的作品。”     

“Fractal Architecture”: Late Twentieth Century Connections Between Architecture and Fractal Geometry

Michael Ostwald examines the intricate, constantly shifting relationship between architecture and fractal geometry. At times this dependence is diffuse, and modes of theoretical transference are subtle, symbolic or semiological. At other times wholesale appropriations of geometry takes place and large fragments of theory are pirated away from their originating discipline and used opportunistically.     

Evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy generation opportunities for small scale dairy farms: A case study in Prince Edward Island,Canada

Prince Edward Island (PEI) is the smallest province in Canada measuring about 5700 km² in area with a population of around 130,000 people. Small family farm operation is part of the Island's way of life. However, the dairy industry in North America is undergoing significant structural change. Statistics show a significant decline in the small dairy farms industry, while the number of large operations has been increasing. Advantages for large operations include purchasing energy in large quantities with better price margins and the inherent economy of scale created by such breaks. One strategy for small-scale farms to become competitive is to reduce their energy-related operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions. This can be achieved through taking energy efficiency steps, reducing overall energy consumption and generating energy through renewable energy resources and technologies. This paper uses a case study of a small dairy farm in Oyster Bed Bridge, PEI to gain insight into the direct use of energy within small dairy farms. An energy audit methodology is used to determine the energy intensity of the farm as well as energy efficiency opportunities. The paper also assesses the feasibility of meeting part of the energy demand of the farm with renewable energy generation. Energy efficiency recommendations for the case study farm include lighting retrofitting and regular maintenance of refrigeration condenser units. Renewable energy generation findings include the potential use of an anaerobic digester or a 25 kW wind turbine to generate the majority of the operation's energy.