MOFs复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的应用研究进展

金属有机框架材料（MOFs）具有比表面积较高、孔径尺寸可调、结构可设计和可以功能化的特点，近年来受到广泛关注，尤其是基于MOFs的复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物的作用越来越突出，这是近年来MOFs的一个重要研究方向。本文综述了MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物领域的研究情况；介绍了MOFs及其特性；说明了MOFs复合材料的负载方式；总结了MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物方面的应用。同时，阐述了MOFs复合材料催化降解水中有机污染物的机理及其存在的问题。最后，提出未来MOFs复合材料在催化降解水中有机污染物的研究方向是合成形貌多样、结晶性能好的新型高稳定性材料以及开发新的MOFs及其复合材料的制备方法。     

湿法腈纶生产的含腈废水处理实验研究

采用不同方法对湿法腈纶废水进行预处理，比较了它们的处理效果和特点。研究中使用的菌种预处理方法达到了理想的效果，废水中大分子有机污染物被迅速、高效地分解为挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮等，为后续的接触氧化以及反硝化创造了良好的条件，COD和TKN的总去除率分别为92％和85％，最终出水达到或优于行业二级排放标准。     

Carbon materials and catalytic wet air oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater

The use of carbon materials as catalytic support or direct catalyst in catalytic wet air oxidation (WAO) of organic pollutants is reviewed. The discussion covers important engineering aspects including the characterisation, activity and stability of carbon catalysts, process performance, reaction kinetics and reactor modelling. Recommendations for further research in catalytic WAO are outlined.     

一种假单胞菌SY5降解石油的动力学研究

为了确定石油降解菌对石油污染物的生物降解特性,选用分离得到的一株石油降解菌假单胞菌SY5,对其降解石油污染物的动力学特性进行了研究．研究结果表明,在30℃,pH=7．2的反应条件下,所筛选的SY5菌对石油具有良好的降解能力,降解石油的反应基本符合一级反应动力学,且随石油初始浓度的增大,SY5降解石油的速率减小,降解受到抑制．在生物降解的过程中,SY5的生长曲线具有明显增长和衰减曲线．在生长阶段,产率系数Y值为0．3873．在内源呼吸阶段,衰减系数bd值为0．1805d^-1,SY5菌自身氧化速度比较快．SY5生物降解石油Monod方程的最大比增长速率胁,和半饱和常数Ks分别为1．6d^-1和150mg／L．     

光催化氧化法降解有机污染物影响因素及其效率提高途径

分析了催化剂类型、污染物性质、反应条件等因素对光催化氧化法降解有机污染物的影响,从催化剂改性、高效光催化氧化反应器及光催化与其他技术联用等方面探讨了提高光催化氧化效率的途径,展望了光催化氧化法发展前景及其工业化应用时需解决的关键问题。     

Decreasing trends in total suspended solids and cumulative effects of nonpoint source projects in the Cuyahoga River Watershed,OH

Using the US EPA’s Grants Reporting and Tracking System (GRTS), we test if completion of best management practices (BMPs) through the Clean Water Act Section (4)319 National Nonpoint Source Program was associated with a decreasing trend in total suspended solids (TSS) load (metric tons/year). The study area chosen had 21 completed projects in the Cuyahoga River watershed in northeastern Ohio from 2000 to 2018. The 4319 projects ranged from dam removal, floodplain/wetland restoration to stormwater projects. There was an overall decreasing trend in TSS loads. We identified three phases of project implementation and completion, where phase 1 had ongoing projects, but none completed (2000–2004). The steepest decrease in loads, identified as phase 2 (2005–2011), was associated with completion of low-head dam modification and removal projects on the mainstem of the Cuyahoga River. A likely decreasing trend was associated with projects completed in the tributaries, such as natural channel design restoration and stormwater green infrastructure (phase 3). Pairing sediment reduction estimates from projects with the river’s flow normalized TSS loading trend, we estimated that the 4319 effort may account for a small fraction of the TSS load reduction. Other stream restoration projects (non-4319) have also been done in the Cuyahoga watershed by other organizations. However, trying to compile these other projects is challenging in larger watersheds having multiple municipalities, agencies, and nonprofits doing restoration without better coordinated record keeping and monitoring. While a decreasing trend in a pollutant load is a desirable water quality outcome, determining what contributed to that trend remains difficult.     

柘林水库污染物来源及水体分层对水质的影响

为探究水源水库污染物来源及水质变化规律,以九江市水源地柘林水库为研究对象,于2013年4月—2014年4月逐月对柘林水库进行水质监测.现场测定水温、溶解氧等指标,分层取样测定水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn等水质指标.结果表明,柘林水库主要污染物来源为上游来水,其对CODMn、TN、TP贡献率分别达88.3%、76.2%和67.6%.在水体稳定分层期,底部水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn质量浓度分别升高至3.8、2.4、1.12、0.14、0.42和0.34 mg/L;藻类计数及藻种鉴定结果表明,此时期主库区最大藻密度达2.25×106L-1,以绿藻为主.水体混合后出现Mn质量浓度超标问题,达0.16 mg/L.     

基于节点优先权和兴趣数据筛选的传感器网络分簇算法

无线传感器节点工作时仅由自身携带的电池供电,因此高效控制节点能耗可以延长整个网络生命周期,提高网络整体利用率。针对环境监测类场景,提出了一种基于节点优先权和兴趣数据筛选的分簇算法,该算法同时考虑了节点分布距离和剩余能量,将这两个属性换算成簇头选举的优先权权值。此外,在簇头确定后簇头通过相应的数据筛选方法对每一轮子节点发来的数据进行处理,有选择地将数据传到基站。仿真结果表明,该算法在能量控制方面有较好的表现,明显地延长了网络生命周期。     

Group decision making based on incomplete multiplicative and fuzzy preference relations

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the group decision making on incomplete multiplicative and fuzzy preference relations without the requirement of satisfying reciprocity property. This paper introduces a new characterization of the multiplicative consistency condition, based on which a method to estimate unknown preference values in an incomplete multiplicative preference relation is proposed. Apart from the multiplicative consistency property among three known preference values, the method proposed also takes the multiplicative consistency property among more than three values into account. In addition, two models for group decision making with incomplete multiplicative preference relations and incomplete fuzzy preference relations are presented, respectively. Some properties of the collective preference relation are further discussed. Numerical examples are provided to make a discussion and comparison with other similar methods.     

渭河干流关中段季节性水环境容量研究

针对季节性河流流量具有周期性变化的特点,采用季节性污水排放计划(SDP)的季节划分方法,提出季节性河流水环境容量计算方法。以渭河干流关中段为例,将一年划分为旱雨两季,利用一维水质模型计算8个季节划分方案和1个对照方案在50%、75%和90%保证率下的水环境容量。研究结果表明:在相同保证率下,分季节计算的渭河干流关中段COD和NH3-N环境容量分别是传统环境容量计算方法的1.17~1.59倍和1.25~1.79倍,表明分季节计算的河流水环境容量明显大于以年为单位计算的河流水环境容量。