热膜耦合海水淡化技术现状与展望

目前,国内外均采用多级闪蒸（MSF）、低温多效蒸馏（LT—MED）和反渗透（R0）技术作为主流的海水淡化技术。利用集成技术的热膜耦合是较先进的海水淡化技术,能够充分发挥热法和膜法海水淡化的技术优势。热膜耦合技术不仅可提高热法海水回收率、减少排放热量、降低设备结垢的风险,还能提高膜法淡化海水的产量。利用工程实践,对MSF／RO和LT-MED／RO等热膜耦合海水淡化技术相关研究进展进行了分析,并讨论了热膜耦合海水淡化技术的发展方向及在工程应用中可能存在的问题。     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

反渗透海水淡化的预处理技术研究进展

本文分析了国内外关于反渗透海水淡化预处理技术的应用研究现状，并对预处理技术的发展趋势做了展望。     

Event-driven,pattern-based methodology for cost-effective development of standardized personal health devices

Experiences applying standards in personal health devices (PHDs) show an inherent trade-off between interoperability and costs (in terms of processing load and development time). Therefore, reducing hardware and software costs as well as time-to-market is crucial for standards adoption. The ISO/IEEE11073 PHD family of standards (also referred to as X73PHD) provides interoperable communication between PHDs and aggregators. Nevertheless, the responsibility of achieving inexpensive implementations of X73PHD in limited resource microcontrollers falls directly on the developer. Hence, the authors previously presented a methodology based on patterns to implement X73-compliant PHDs into devices with low-voltage low-power constraints. That version was based on multitasking, which required additional features and resources. This paper therefore presents an event-driven evolution of the patterns-based methodology for cost-effective development of standardized PHDs. The results of comparing between the two versions showed that the mean values of decrease in memory consumption and cycles of latency are 11.59% and 45.95%, respectively. In addition, several enhancements in terms of cost-effectiveness and development time can be derived from the new version of the methodology. Therefore, the new approach could help in producing cost-effective X73-compliant PHDs, which in turn could foster the adoption of standards.     

基于差分算法的反渗透海水淡化优化调度

以系统运行费用为目标的反渗透海水淡化优化调度是一类带有约束的非线性优化问题。针对这一问题,提出一种改进的差分进化算法。该算法对基本差分进化算法中的变异因子和交叉因子进行改进;定义约束违反度函数,将约束优化问题转化为无约束的优化问题。以24小时为一个周期,通过改进的差分进化算法对系统模型进行优化调度。仿真结果表明,改进的算法可以对机组进行优化操作,有效的降低了系统的生产成本。     

水污染淤积密度指数自动在线测试装置

基于反渗透原理,以89C52单片机为控制器,设计了水污染指数中的淤积密度指数(SDI)的自动在线测试装置。该系统可以实现SDI的自动测量、超标报警和结果显示。利用89C52具有的串行通信功能,设计了RS485接口电路,实现数据远传功能。介绍了SDI自动在线测试装置的自动测量工艺流程。实际使用证明自动测量减少了人工测试带来的误差和不便,提高了测量的可靠性。     

Apriori算法在网络环境下的动态可视化实现

为了实现数据挖掘系统的网络化,各类算法需要封装部署。基于网络的数据挖掘系统数据可视化对客户端的展示提出了更高的要求。本文介绍关联规则中典型的Apriori算法的服务器端的实现过程以及基于Flex技术的客户端的挖掘结果的三种视图展示方式,指出了这种数据结果可视化的新颖性。     

Theoretical calculation simulation studies of ABV nuclear reactor coupled with desalination system

In this paper, research has been conducted on the floating type nuclear power plant named as ABV reactor which is designed for district heating, power, and sea water desalination by OKBM facility at Russia. This reactor was tested under different thermal loads during the designing phase, and three modules have been investigated. Theoretical calculations and simulation studies have been performed on these three modules having specifications as ABV‐6M with 47MW_th, ABV‐6 with 38MW_th, and ABV‐3 with 18MW_th.The results obtained from these modules have been calculated mathematically and verified by simulation. We have compared the originally derived data of ABV desalination system with our theoretical and simulation analysis. The results from two desalination techniques including RO and RO + MED have been calculated and are presented in this paper with details. The results obtained from both analysis show that the efficiency of ABV nuclear reactor desalination system increases with the decrease in corresponding water cost ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

晋城北石店区新建城镇污水处理厂工艺选择

晋城北石店区新建城镇污水处理厂采用＂倒置A/A/O＋MBR＋RO＂处理工艺,污水经二级处理后达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）的一级A标准后外排,经深度处理后作为煤制油用水。项目建成后可缓解北石店区水资源的供需矛盾,全面提高该区节能、节水及治污总体水平,促进城市水资源和水环境的可持续发展。     

用工业废碱水处理反渗透法高含盐排放浓水

反渗透处理装置排放的浓水含盐量很高,如果不经处理直接排放势必对周围环境造成污染和水的浪费,氧化铝生产工艺废水中含有大量的碳酸钠、苛性碱等碱类物质,pH值达到13左右,回水量约2000m^3／h,用这些废水和反渗透浓水混合进行软化处理,降低浓水中的钙镁离子含量,并对难去除的硫酸盐进行稀释降低浓度,回用到蒸发循环水系统作为补充用水、氧化铝生产部分工艺用水、设备冷却用水,达到浓水回收再利用的目的。该方案实施后效果十分显著,回收反渗透浓水约60m^3／h,减少污水系统补充新水,降低生产用水费用约每年176万元。