Two-Stage Robust Optimization Under Decision Dependent Uncertainty

In the conventional robust optimization(RO)context, the uncertainty is regarded as residing in a predetermined and fixed uncertainty set. In many applications, however,uncertainties are affected by decisions, making the current RO framework inapplicable. This paper investigates a class of twostage RO problems that involve decision-dependent uncertainties.We introduce a class of polyhedral uncertainty sets whose righthand-side vector has a dependency on the here-and-now decisions and seek to deri...     

海水淡化反渗透复合膜元件的制备

论述了海水淡化膜元件制作过程中,支撑底膜的孔结构、水相及有机相单体的种类、浓度,界面聚合的时间、热处理温度以及产业化生产过程中各个工艺条件的控制对海水淡化反渗透复合膜性能和均匀性的影响;介绍了膜元件卷制的工艺对元件性能的影响以及国产海水淡化反渗透复合膜元件在实际工程中的应用情况及与进口膜元件的性能对比。     

反渗透膜元件的指标离散特性与安装位置优化

基于反渗透膜元件指标的离散性,提出了膜元件在系统流程中安装位置优化的概念。强调了透盐率降序、膜通量升序等最佳元件性能排列方式及其效果。明确了优化元件排列方式对于系统的运行调试及清洗后恢复运行的重要意义。     

反渗透膜技术处理含镍废水

建立24m^3／d电镀镍漂洗水膜法闭路循环回收系统,采用两级反渗透（RO）膜分离技术对电镀废水浓缩50倍以上,23．6m^3/d透过液回用到电镀生产线作为漂洗用水,浓缩液再用蒸发器进一步浓缩后直接回到镀槽,废水处理实现闭路循环．从2005年4月到2007年4月,共运行了2年,整个系统运行良好。通过回用水和回收镍等资源,产生较显著的经济、社会和环境效益,实现清洁生产,基本上实现了电镀含镍废水的零排放。     

钢铁废水超滤工艺优化现场试验研究

在钢铁工业废水回用深度处理装置上,内压式中空纤维超滤膜HYDRAcap60系统被用于反渗透预处理.介绍了针对膜污染问题开展的工艺优化现场试验,给出了优化工艺条件.分析了膜污染物的成分,并讨论了膜污染的可能机理.在超滤膜前在线投加粉末活性炭-三氯化铁混合絮凝剂对促进系统稳定运行效果明显,有效解决了膜污染的发生.现场试验分为条件试验和优化工艺确认试验,确认试验连续运行近3个月,期间试验装置跨膜压差没有明显增加.酸性和碱性溶液化学清洗(CIP)和加药反洗(CEB)对系统性能恢复都有明显作用,透过膜的清洗液循环非常重要.     

Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity

In most countries, sanitary landfilling is nowadays the most common way to eliminate municipal solid wastes (MSW). In spite of many advantages, generation of heavily polluted leachates, presenting significant variations in both volumetric flow and chemical composition, constitutes a major drawback. Year after year, the recognition of landfill leachate impact on environment has forced authorities to fix more and more stringent requirements for pollution control. This paper is a review of landfill leachate treatments. After the state of art, a discussion put in light an opportunity and some results of the treatment process performances are given. Advantages and drawbacks of the various treatments are discussed under the items: (a) leachate transfer, (b) biodegradation, (c) chemical and physical methods and (d) membrane processes. Several tables permit to review and summarize each treatment efficiency depending on operating conditions. Finally, considering the hardening of the standards of rejection, conventional landfill leachate treatment plants appear under-dimensioned or do not allow to reach the specifications required by the legislator. So that, new technologies or conventional ones improvements have been developed and tried to be financially attractive. Today, the use of membrane technologies, more especially reverse osmosis (RO), either as a main step in a landfill leachate treatment chain or as single post-treatment step has shown to be an indispensable means of achieving purification.     

RO相氧化焙烧特性及其氧化产物的醋酸溶解性

通过差示扫描量热分析法（TG-DSC）和物相分析研究RO相氧化焙烧特征，阐明RO相氧化焙烧产物的醋酸溶解性，并检验惰性矿物产品焙烧料的醋酸浸出效果.结果表明：RO相氧化焙烧经历了保持原矿相、一次氧化反应和二次氧化反应3个阶段；一次氧化产物为Ⅰ型镁铁尖晶石，二次氧化产物为Ⅱ型镁铁尖晶石和方镁石，这2类镁铁尖晶石均具有醋酸不溶性；RO相氧化焙烧形成镁铁尖晶石后，可避免因醋酸溶液浸出所导致的全铁（TFe）损失；惰性矿物产品经中温或高温氧化焙烧后，因醋酸溶液浸出所导致的TFe质量损失率可降低98.2%.     

Cell-Derived Vesicles for Antibiotic Delivery—Understanding the Challenges of a Biogenic Carrier System

Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) sparked substantial therapeutic interest, particularly due to their ability to mediate targeted transport between tissues and cells. Yet, EVs’ technological translation as therapeutics strongly depends on better biocompatibility assessments in more complex models and elementary in vitro–in vivo correlation, and comparison of mammalian versus bacterial vesicles. With this in mind, two new types of EVs derived from human B-lymphoid cells with low immunogenicity and from non-pathogenic myxobacteria SBSr073 are introduced here. A large-scale isolation protocol to reduce plastic waste and cultivation space toward sustainable EV research is established. The biocompatibility of mammalian and bacterial EVs is comprehensively evaluated using cytokine release and endotoxin assays in vitro, and an in vivo zebrafish larvae model is applied. A complex three-dimensional human cell culture model is used to understand the spatial distribution of vesicles in epithelial and immune cells and again used zebrafish larvae to study the biodistribution in vivo. Finally, vesicles are successfully loaded with the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (CPX) and showed lower toxicity in zebrafish larvae than free CPX. The loaded vesicles are then tested effectively on enteropathogenic Shigella, whose infections are currently showing increasing resistance against available antibiotics.     

卷式反渗透膜器内的流体流动与停留时间分布

简述了反渗透(RO)膜器内流体流动状况及对产水量的影响。介绍了停留时间分布(RTD)技术的概念和相关函数,分析研究了反渗透膜器内流体流型与RTD曲线的关系及RTD曲线测定方法,总结了运用RTD技术测量RO膜器内流体流动状况的研究进展。最后提出了运用RTD技术诊断膜器缺陷的特点以及有待进一步解决的关键技术问题。