反渗透制水的低温影响及对策

通过对反渗透(RO)进水进行预热的生产性试验，探讨了产水量随温度、压力的变化规律，分析了预热和升压两种措施各自的优势和不足，并就反渗透制水工艺设计及运行管理提出了一些建议。     

Optimal design of hybrid RO/MSF desalination plants Part III: Sensitivity analysis

This is the last paper in a series of three parts entitled “Optimal design of hybrid RO/MSF desalination plants”. This research is concerned with exploring the feasibility of hybridization of multi-stage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies in order to improve the performance characteristics and process economics ofthe conventional MSF process. The research project involved an optimization study where the water cost perunit product is minimized subject to a number of constraints. In the first part, the design and cost models were presented, the optimization problem formulated and solutions for a number of cases were outlined. In the second part, results were presented and discussed. In this paper we discuss the sensitivity of water cost from the alternative plant designs to variations in some cost elements and operating conditions. In general, it is concluded that, for the same desalting capacity, hybrid RO/MSF plants can produce desalted water at a lower cost than brine recycle MSF plants, while hybrid plants are characterized, by lower specific capital costs and higher water recovery fractions. Reduction in steam cost allows MSF to compete more with hybrid RO/MSF plants. This result explains the advantage of coupling MSF plants and steam power plants where the exhaust steam from the back pressure turbine represents a relatively cheaper source of heat for the MSF process. Results showed that the RO technology exceeds all other designs over the whole range of energy, chemicals and membrane costs studied here. However, water cost of the RO process was the most sensitive to variations in membrane and electricity costs compared to other hybrid configurations.     

反渗透膜元件标准化产水量数学模型的优化

通过正交实验,量化了反渗透膜元件产水量标准化模型的偏差,明确了给水盐浓度是影响模型计算结果准确性的最显著因素.通过引入修正系数α,对模型中的给水盐浓度校正系数进行了修正.结果表明,修正后的模型显著提高了计算结果的准确性.     

住宅区直饮水系统工艺设计与应用

住宅区管道直饮水作为一种新型的饮水形式,正走进千家万户,并逐渐被广大开发商及住户所接受.文章从管道直饮水系统工艺设计及设备选型上进行了详细的介绍.     

BAF/UF/RO联合工艺深度处理印染废水中试

采用中试规模（5m^3／d）的曝气生物滤池／超滤／反渗透联合工艺对棉印染废水二级生化处理出水进行了深度处理。试验结果表明：当进水COD、色度、浊度、电导率分别为308—509mg／L、128—220倍、56—158NTU、5360—6580DS／cm时，相应的出水指标分别为10～20mg／L、〈2倍、〈0．5NTU、48—59DS／cm，该水质可满足印染工艺的要求。     

GAC,UF,RO去除饮用水中氯仿,四氯化碳性能的试验研究

研究了粒状活性炭（ＧＡＣ）,超滤（ＵＦ）和反渗透（ＲＯ）对自来水中氯仿和四氯化碳的去除性能,探讨了ＧＡＣ对氯仿和四氯化碳去除的物理吸附和微生物降解机理。试验发现ＵＦ膜对氯仿和四氯化碳的快速吸附与脱附现象,并讨论了ＲＯ膜对不同浓度氯仿、四氯化碳的去除效果和作用机理。     

油田采出水回用试验研究

叙述了采出水通过膜-生物反应器结合微生态菌群技术、反渗透技术进行了实验研究,处理出水达到了回用水指标,并对系统稳定性运行进行了考核。     

反渗透系统沿流程污染分布的研究

文章运用离子色谱仪和TOC分析仪对系统的水质进行了适时检测,同时对反渗透系统的运行工况进行了在线监测。通过分析系统运行压力、元件压降及各元件产水水质的变化,研究了系统沿流程前后端污染之不同,实现了对系统污染沿流程分布的量化分析。     

铝材电泳涂装中封闭清洗回收系统

介绍铝材电泳涂装后封闭清洗回收系统，在保证清洗质量的前提下，该系统的应用，提高了电泳涂料的回收率；减少了废水排放，节省了处理费用；节约了纯水的用量。并对该系统中主要设备（超滤和反渗透）的透过量的设计计算进行了介绍。     

Ph对RO/NF膜传质影响的研究进展

pH会改变RO/NF膜表面的荷电性质和孔径大小,还会通过影响溶质的存在形式来影响溶质与RO/NF膜的相互作用,所以pH会对RO/NF膜的膜材料及其水通量和截留率产生重要影响.由于这些影响的机理比较复杂,所以这一课题一直是国际上的研究热点,国内外对此已有许多报道.本文综述了pH对RO/NF膜传质影响的研究进展,并展望了p...