一个高校系级科研管理系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了基于PowerBuilder6．0的高校科研管理信息系统的系统开发过程和系统的特点。该系统设计新颖，功能齐全，界面友好，使用方便，满足了科研管理的需要。     

建筑学科的学术化和理论积累的三种范式

在建筑学科学术化要求下,设计学科的知识需求和"求知能力"的不匹配关系十分明显。对于整个设计学科(包括建筑学、规划学、景观学)研究方法的探索显得尤为必要。本文不从普通研究方法入手,而是针对设计学科自身的特点,内向地总结出经验知识、专类知识、实证知识三种范式。在特定的范式内,研究对象、研究趣味、研究价值、研究技能相对统一;不同范式之间,不仅方法不同,研究趣味和严格程度存在着不可跨越的鸿沟。本文主要分别从三种范式的特征、研究方法特点、范式适用对建筑学学术化进行了讨论。     

Comparative study of a hybrid research vessel utilizing batteries or hydrogen fuel cells

The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) current coastal/local research vessel, the R/V Robert Gordon Sproul, is nearing the end of its service life and will soon require replacement. This study compares three potential variants for an R/V Sproul replacement vessel (SRV): a Baseline SRV consisting of a traditional diesel-electric powertrain, a Battery Hybrid SRV (battery/diesel-electric) and a Hydrogen Hybrid SRV (hydrogen fuel cell/diesel-electric). All three variants meet the science mission requirements of the SRV but with varying levels of zero-emission runtime, energy efficiency and emissions. The Battery Hybrid SRV can provide 2.5 h of zero emissions (battery only) operation, but could not complete any of the identified SRV science missions without also engaging the diesel generators. In contrast, the Hydrogen Hybrid SRV can provide 23.4 h of zero emission (hydrogen only) runtime, and can complete 74% of the SRV science missions solely with zero-emission operation. The superior performance of the Hydrogen Hybrid SRV is attributable to the higher volumetric energy storage density of the LH₂/fuel cell combination. The capital costs of these vessels are estimated to be: ∼ $21.4 M for the diesel-electric Baseline SRV, ∼ $26.0 M for the Battery Hybrid SRV vessel and ∼ $34.4 M for the Hydrogen Hybrid SRV. The “well-to-waves” (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria pollutant emissions were estimated using various sourcings for the diesel fuel, electricity and hydrogen fuel. The lowest emission levels are achieved with the Hydrogen Hybrid variant using 100% renewable hydrogen. The annual WTW GHG emissions from the Hydrogen Hybrid using renewable LH₂ in combination with fossil diesel in the hybrid arrangement yields a 26.7% GHG emissions reduction from the Baseline vessel using fossil-derived diesel fuel. The Battery Hybrid vessel with 100% renewable electricity combined with diesel fuel provides a 6.9% reduction in GHG emissions. Similar results are seen for the criteria pollutant emissions. The hybrid vessels are also compared with regard to operational safety. The study reveals that hydrogen fuel-cell technology provides an effective hybrid supplement to diesel power for a coastal/local research vessel.     

Visual attention by consumers to check-all-that-apply questions: Insights to support methodological development

The use by consumers of simplifying response strategies when answering check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions for sensory characterization cannot be eliminated. However, ways to motivate consumers to cognitively engage more in the processing of CATA questions and provide their full attention to the task may be welcome. In this context, the aim of the present work was to evaluate patterns of visual attention to CATA questions by consumers and use the insights gained to advance knowledge about CATA question design. A consumer study was carried out in which participants were asked to evaluate two product sets with five samples each (potato chips or plain crackers) and to answer a check-all-that-apply question composed of 20 sensory terms, which was presented on a computer screen. Half of the consumers received the CATA question with the terms in a fixed order, whereas for the other half of participants the order of terms was different for each sample (i.e., simulating within participants balancing of term presentation order). While consumers completed the CATA tasks their eye movements were recorded using a remote eye-tracker. Results showed that the first time that consumers read the CATA question (i.e., for sample 1), they processed the terms from left to right and from top to bottom. In general, they considered the whole list of terms and then selected those that applied to the sample. As the task progressed consumers changed how they answered the CATA question, making fewer and shorter eye fixations to complete the task. Presenting the terms in different order for each sample significantly increased the total number and duration of fixations, which indicates higher cognitive effort. Implications for the design of CATA questions and suggestions for further research are discussed.     

当代建筑表皮自治研究

该文从形态、空间、技术三方面分析了当代建筑表皮的自治。希望借此对相关方面的研究起到参考、借鉴的作用。     

The interactive effects of irrigation,nitrogen fertilisation rate,delayed harvest and storage on the polyphenol content in red grape (Vitis vinifera) berries: A factorial experimental design

Polyphenol concentrations, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols and stilbenes, were quantified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in two cultivars of red grapes for daily consumption, which were subjected to different kinds of water supply and nitrogen fertilisation rates. Samples from the same vineyards were also analysed after a 6 week storage in a refrigerator and 6 week delayed harvesting. Berry skins and seeds were analysed separately.     

Rational Three-Step Method for Optimizing Value of Civil Engineering Research

State DOTs and other agencies and organizations desire to solve difficult practical problems in design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure. To help accomplish this they request and receive proposals from researchers to solve such problems. An obstacle the agencies face in both writing the research request and in reviewing the proposals is to rationally determine how to obtain the best value for the research funding. This paper proposes a rational means to qualitatively and quantitatively determine relative values using a simple record-keeping matrix and basic tenets of error analysis. Using inferential or other means to estimate uncertainty, and using basic error propagation techniques, research value can be rationally optimized in a three-step method of (1) assembling or requiring an objective-variable matrix; (2) inferring assumptions of variable error based on practical observation; and (3) calculating error propagation through the proposed parametric functions. This methodology will also help with scope management of proposed research and organizing research results.     

Implementing Observational Research Methods to Study Team Performance in Construction Management

The evolution of research in the area of construction engineering and management has moved toward the use of quantitative metrics and research methods for identifying and evaluating the impact of events or procedures on the construction process. While quantitative research methods can be very important for answering certain research questions, there are important reasons for adopting qualitative or mixed methodology studies to gain a better understanding of complex phenomena. This paper explores the use of observational studies and their potential use within the field of construction research. Observational studies can provide answers to “what” phenomena occurred, particularly when people are involved in a process, along with gaining insights into “why” the phenomena occurred. This paper discusses two types of observational studies, structured and unstructured, and provides a procedure for their implementation within construction research. To clearly demonstrate the methodology, a case study focused on the investigation of two different versions of an educational simulation application, the virtual construction simulator (VCS), is used to illustrate the benefits and challenges of implementing mixed methodology observational studies. The case study involved the video recording and analysis of interactions between student team members when using the VCS application for a construction sequencing task. The video recordings were analyzed, and important insights were identified, both qualitative and quantitative. Through content analysis, it was determined that the improvements made in a new version of the VCS application were beneficial, and the detailed observational studies identified insights into why the revisions in the application yielded improved results. This case study details the steps and considerations involved in planning an observational study, as well as the benefits and challenges that researchers may encounter when using observational research methodologies.