MARKTRAN II: An interactive FORTRAN program for calculating markov transition probabilities of two-dimensional patterns

MARKTRAN II is an interactive FORTRAN IV program that computes Markov transition probabilities for two-dimensional patterns. The pattern is represented by a series of discrete states at each point on a rectangular grid composed of square cells. Transition probabilities in eight directions are computed. MARKTRAN II is useful for numerically describing the fabric of patterns that possess any degree of anisotropy. Geological applications include analysis of rock fabrics, outcrop patterns of geological maps, and variations in ore grade expressed as discrete states.     

点荷载作用下岩石记忆效应试验研究

利用点荷载仪和应变仪,选择花岗岩和砂岩进行了分级循环加载试验,详细分析了试验过程中试件载荷、应变、泊松比及损伤因子与声发射间的变化规律,分别得到了不同循环加载阶段的各个参数与累计振铃计数的关系,并利用数理统计理论评判了各参数对先期最大值记忆的准确性和稳定性。结果表明,3个试件在点载荷作用下具有明显的记忆效应,参数载荷对先期最大值的记忆准确程度和稳定性好于其他参数。     

层状破裂顶板的变形分析和计算

受采动裂隙和节理切割的层状破裂顶板不能视为弹性连续梁，其力学结构应力岩块相互挤压而成的压力拱。本建立一种用于这类顶板变形计算的无张纯压拱力学模型，并据计算实例讨论这类顶板桡曲变形特性，分析了不产生屈曲，压溃，剪切滑移及岩梁形成稳定挤压拱的条件。     

Coal mine roof rating(CMRR), rock mass rating(RMR) and strata control:Carborough Downs Mine,Bowen Basin,Australia

The rock mass rating(RMR) has been used across the geotechnical industry for half a century. In contrast,the coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was specifically introduced to underground coal mines two decades ago to link geological characterization with geotechnical risk mitigation. The premise of CMRR is that strength properties of mine roof rock are influenced by defects typical of coal measures stratigraphy.The CMRR has been used in longwall pillar design, roof support methods, and evaluation of extended cuts,but is rarely evaluated. Here, the RMR and CMRR are applied to a longwall coal mine. Roof rock mass classifications were undertaken at 67 locations across the mine. Both classifications showed marked spatial variability in terms of roof conditions. Normal and reverse faulting occur across the mine, and while no clear relationships exist between rock mass character and faulting, a central graben zone showed heterogeneous rock mass properties, and divergence between CMRR and RMR. Overall, the CMRR data fell within the broad envelope of results reported for extended cuts at Australian and U.S. coal mines. The corollary is that the CMRR is useful, and should not be used in isolation, but rather as a component of a strata control programme.     

Methodology for the estimation of expansive cement borehole pressure

This work is part of a multi-phase project which aims to develop a sound methodology for rock fragmentation in underground mines using expansive cement. More specifically, it is the first phase of the project which focuses on laboratory tests to investigate the mechanical performance of expansive cement, also known as soundless chemical demolition agents(SCDA). This paper reports the results of laboratory tests conducted on instrumented thick-walled cylinders filled with expansive cement. Expans...     

A study of the load transfer behavior of fully grouted rock bolts with analytical modelling

Fully grouted rock bolts have been used in mining industry for many years. Much research has been conducted to evaluate the load transfer behavior of fully grouted rock bolts with experimental programs.However, compared with that, less work has been conducted with analytical modelling. Therefore, in this paper, the authors used an analytical model to study the load transfer behavior of fully grouted rock bolts.To confirm the credibility of this analytical model, an in-situ pull-out test was used to validate this model.There was a close match between the experimental result and the analytical result. Following it, a parametric study was conducted with this analytical model. The influence of coefficients, Young's modulus of the rock bolt and the diameter of the rock bolt on the load transfer performance of rock bolts was studied.Furthermore, the load distribution along the fully grouted rock bolt was analytically studied. The results show that the axial load in the rock bolt decayed from the loaded end to the free end independent of the pull-out load. However, the trend of the load distribution curve was influenced by the pull-out load. This paper was beneficial for better understanding the load transfer mechanism of fully grouted rock bolts.     

Reasons for breaking of chemical bonds of gas molecules during movement of explosion products in cracks formed in rock mass

The purpose of this study was to develop a physico-mathematical model and technique for estimation of chemical bond stability depending on electric field intensity of an external point charge. A hypothesis for a possible physico-chemical mechanism of the formation of additional harmful gases in the rock destruction by blasting was proposed. The theoretical basis of the hypothesis is the method of theretical evaluation of bond energy depending on the distance to a point charge, the third Coulomb centre. The quantum-mechanical model for calculating the electronic terms of molecules makes it possible to solve problems associated with the determination of parameters of molecules under the action of various physical fields on the system under consideration. The model was approved for some diatomic molecules. The discrepancy between the experimental data and calculated data did not exceed 14%, which proves accuracy of the obtained results. The model can be used in the field of research into the causes of gas-dynamic phenomena in underground coal mines, in studies of the degree of stability of nanostructured components of coal under physical influences, and in the theoretical design of new compounds and structures in the field of nanomaterial science and nanotechnology.     

Gas-dynamic phenomena caused by rock mass tremors and rock bursts

Similar to coal, rock and gas ejections, rock mass tremors and rock bursts are among the most serious natural hazards accompanying the underground extraction of coal. Gas-dynamic phenomena caused by rock mass tremors and rock bursts observed as transient states of air parameters in mining headings,are usually generated as a result of a change in the geometry of headings and the release of considerable amounts of gases. Particular significance is attributed to transient states caused by disasters, which are often accompanied by rapid incidents, presenting threats to the life and health of the underground crew.In Polish mining there are known examples of transient states of air parameters recorded during gasdynamic phenomena, e.g. tremors and rock bursts. The paper presents the case studies of rapid seismic incidents to show how records in mine monitoring systems broaden the knowledge about the transient states of air parameters in mining headings generated because of them.     

鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层特性研究

鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩分布全盆地,目前已在奥陶系马家沟组灰岩获得高产工业气流.文章从石油地质特征和成岩作用分析入手,阐述成岩作用对鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统储层的影响,研究碳酸盐岩的油气储集潜力,进而指明鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层的找气前景.     

冲击载荷下脆性岩板损伤断裂演化的实验模拟研究

在矿山运输系统中,井壁围岩冲击损伤破坏对经济和安全效益的影响是至关重要的,因为动态冲击载荷对井壁围岩和支护结构会产生严重的削弱破坏作用,室内研究表明,岩石样品如岩板在动态载荷的冲击作用下会失效。为研究在低速冲击载荷作用下,脆性岩石损伤断裂的演化过程,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置中压缩气体发射球体子弹对脆性岩板进行变角度冲击损伤实验,岩板受到冲击后,边缘出现凹坑,表面裂纹从撞击凹坑直达岩板边缘,实验中样品的表面裂纹能有效代表试样内部的开裂状况,能有效反映冲击能量的耗散、破裂区面积与裂纹表面积随入射能量呈非线性增长趋势,同时与入射角度相关,但当破裂区面积急剧下降时,裂纹表面积反而急剧上升,表明裂纹的发生发展有明显的孕育期,在入射能量达到临界值前,主要表现为裂纹孕育增长,在达到临界值后,发生宏观断裂破坏,裂纹面积呈负增长,破裂区面积增大。实验结果分析表明在实际工程中,围岩和支护结构的抗冲击的最优化设计角度范围在15°～30°。