Conflict Urbanism,Aleppo: Mapping Urban Damage

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on the planet, Aleppo now lies in tatters. This devastation of a designated World Heritage Site is a poignant example of the human and cultural cost of armed conflict – in this case the Syrian Civil War. A project run by the Center for Spatial Research at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation of New York's Columbia University is analysing satellite imagery and reports from the ground to assess the damage and casualties caused there by barrel bombs. Associate Professor Laura Kurgan describes the initiative and its sometimes puzzling findings.     

How Specific Interactions Drive the Complex Organisation of Building Blocks

Can artificial materials be developed that rival nature's ability to self-assemble and self-replicate? Zorana Zeravcic, lecturer and researcher at the École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University in Paris, outlines investigations on the subject being carried out by her department and by counterparts at Harvard University in the US. Drawing on methodologies and knowledge from across the sciences, their simulations have yielded previously unenvisioned complex functionalities that could transform the way we build.     

Development of a void ratio-moisture ratio-net stress framework for the prediction of the volumetric behavior of unsaturated granular materials

Despite extensive research on the behavior of unsaturated fine-grained materials, there is still a lack of understanding of the volumetric behavior of unsaturated granular materials. In this research, a model has been developed to predict the fundamental volumetric behavior of unsaturated granular materials through loading and wetting state paths. In this regard, a loading-wetting surface was developed in a space of void ratio-moisture ratio-net stress. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is the relative simplicity in obtaining the model parameters using conventional geotechnical testing equipment. Two types of recycled granular materials, commonly applied in unbound pavements were used, namely, recycled crushed brick (CB) and excavation waste rock (WR). The uniqueness of the developed surface was evaluated by employing a number of loading and wetting state paths. The results indicate that the developed surface is unique in its loading state paths; however, it only shows uniqueness in its wetting state paths for stress levels greater than 2000 kPa. The proposed model seeks to introduce the application of the unsaturated soil mechanics theory, for predicting the behavior of granular materials in the field, by providing a practical and cost-effective methodology.     

Megaprojects as complex adaptive systems: The Hinkley point C case

Megaprojects are complex projects which impact millions of people, involve public and private stakeholders, and present challenges related to decision making and performance shortfalls. They are relevant cases for studying faulty management thinking as well as performance evolutions and self-organizing dynamics. Our paper builds on the theory of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) to understand and model processes of evolution in the Hinkley Point C nuclear power plant megaproject. The results show that CAS properties apply to megaproject changes and provide a theoretical and practical framework for examining and modeling megaproject management dynamics. We designed a research methodology combining content analysis and historical research for its relevance in conducting organizational research in conditions of complexity and non-linearity. This original research design makes it possible to conduct causal analyses of relations between key megaproject events and thus build models of evolution dynamics in stakeholder success expectations, change mechanisms in the implementation of project outputs, and self-organizing patterns.     

一种应用于噪声点分布密集环境下的噪声点识别算法

为了提高DBSCAN及其改进算法在噪声点分布密集环境下的噪声点识别率,通过结合PageRank算法思想及噪声数据分布密集的特点,构造簇间投票映射函数,提出了簇间投票噪声点识别算法-NoiseRank 。实验结果表明,在噪声点分布密集环境下,NoiseRank算法比DBSCAN算法具有更高的噪声点识别率。     

江汉盆地白垩-下第三系储层盖层有利相带研究

江汉盆地白垩系—下第三系沉积以膏、盐岩发育为特征,有利于盖层的发育,不同的沉积环境控制了盖层质量、厚度和横向分布的连续性及稳定性。通过对不同沉积环境中泥质、砂质及盐、膏含量与盖层封闭性能分析表明,相对静水的半深湖—深湖相是最有利于形成良好盖层的沉积环境,而在平面上江汉盆地盖层的封闭性能南部地区优于北部地区,盆地中心地区优于周缘地区。     

场地平土和雨水管网的综合优化设计

通过寻求最小土石填挖量的场地标高和坡度设计,在满足土石填挖平衡的基础上,分析了场地平土的优化设计.同时在给定场地坡度的前提下,分析了雨水管网的布置,得出最优的管线布置.其次,将场地平土和雨水管网布置结合起来,在统一考虑场地平土坡度对平土费用和雨水管网布置费用影响的基础上,得出了二者总体费用最小的综合优化模型.最后,通过实例与分步设计方案费用的比较,证实了该综合优化模型的有效性.     

磷渣制备高C3S熟料的烧成机理研究

利用ICP、DTA、XRD、SEM和EDXA测试方法,研究了磷渣在制备高C3_S熟料过程中的作用机理。研究结果表明,磷渣对高C_3S熟料烧成的促进作用主要是由于磷渣中CaSiO_3的“晶核作用”。     

基于FLACS的食堂天然气泄漏爆炸事故后果模拟

针对食堂的特点,利用FLACS软件对某大学食堂进行三维建模,在考虑喷射方向、障碍物等因素的基础上,模拟天然气的泄漏及爆炸情况,研究了特定场景下气体云团的扩散过程、爆炸冲击波和温度的发展规律。结果表明,当天然气垂直向上泄漏时,因食堂屋顶的阻碍作用,天然气在小型摊位发生堆积;当天然气水平泄漏时,天然气在用餐区域体积分数较高;爆炸初期,首先出现以点火点为中心的爆炸压力冲击波,压力冲击波以圆弧形向外传递,泄漏方向对爆炸产生的最大超压影响较小;温度分布受泄漏方向的影响较大,垂直喷射时高温集中在小型摊位处,水平喷射时温度沿喷射方向由高到低分布。     

中学化学实验教学绿色化探讨

中学化学实验教学中树立绿色化学实验理念,是贯彻科学发展观,保护学生身体健康,保护环境,节约化学实验资源,提高办学效益,培养学生环境保护观念的重要举措。化学实验教学中可以通过化学实验微型化;化学实验废气、废液、废渣"零排放";以及用多媒体教学演示或仿真化学实验来实现绿色化学实验教学,树立绿色化学实验理念。