基于FLO-2D的泥石流工程治理效果分析——以都江堰银洞子沟泥石流为例

选取地震区典型泥石流沟银洞子沟作为研究对象,运用FLO-2D软件再现该沟2013年泥石流发生过程,验证了通过研究区雨量数据获取泥石流流量线方法的可靠性以及相关模拟参数选取的合理性。在此基础上,基于泥石流发生频率和暴雨爆发频率相同的假设,对不同爆发频率下的泥石流工程治理效果进行了分析。结果表明:工程治理后,当爆发频率为30,50 a时,工程治理效果显著;当爆发频率为100 a时,工程治理效果不显著。因此,建议相关管理部门加强极端降雨条件下泥石流的预警和防治工作。     

城市雨洪放大效应驱动因子时空演变规律分析

城市雨洪具有复杂的放大效应,引起该现象较直接的原因包括大暴雨的频繁出现、可渗透地表面积的骤减以及排蓄水能力的改变和排水管网的扩张等。以武汉市为例,选择降雨强度、不透水面积比例、排水管道密度作为洪水放大效应的驱动因子进行趋势分析和演变规律分析,计算表明:从20世纪80年代开始,暴雨雨量和历时明显增加;不透水面在20世纪90年代初增加较快;排水管道在1990~2006年间缓慢增长,2007年跳跃式增长。降雨量和历时的增加使城市洪量增大,排水压力随之上升,在一定程度上增加了内涝几率;不透水面积的逐年增多以及水体等天然蓄水区的减少,不但增加了产流量,也使汇流时间更短,且雨水管渠的建设缩短了天然汇流路径,导致城市洪水呈现峰高量大,洪峰提前的放大效应。研究成果可用于城市雨洪放大效应对其驱动因子的定量响应研究,为进一步量化城市内涝风险与驱动因子间的关系提供依据,从而为内涝风险调控措施提供技术支撑。     

武汉市大气降水δD和δ~(18)O变化特征及水汽来源

为了确定长江流域中游大气降水特征和水汽来源,以全球大气降水观测网(GNIP)武汉站点多年大气降水稳定同位素数据为基础,探讨了长江中游武汉地区大气降水稳定同位素随季节变化特征。通过建立当地大气降水方程,结合气象因素和降水氘盈余变化,揭示了武汉地区不同季节大气降水水汽来源。结果表明:大气降水在降落地面之前经历了非平衡分馏过程,且平衡程度接近于东部季风沿海地区;大气降水稳定同位素表现出明显的季节性特征,且冬季和夏季降水δD和δ~(18)O值与雨量之间负相关,表现出明显的"雨量效应";大气降水水汽来源主要受季风活动的控制,冬季水汽主要来自北方大陆冷湿气流,而春季降水表现出局地蒸发来源,夏季和秋季降水来源受西南季风和东南季风的双重影响。     

宁波市蛇蟠岛应急水源地建设与环境效应

在评价宁波市蛇蟠岛淡水资源量的基础上,估算其应急供水规模。通过构建地下水数值模型,预测在应急开采条件下地下水位恢复能力,并对应急开采产生的地下水降落漏斗、地面沉降和咸水入侵等环境效应进行了评价。结果表明,蛇蟠岛地下淡水具有应急水源地建设可行性,为该地区进一步勘查应急水源地提供了依据。     

Advancements in the design and validation of an air pollution integrated assessment model for Spain

This paper describes the design and application of the Atmospheric Evaluation and Research Integrated model for Spain (AERIS). Currently, AERIS can provide concentration profiles of NO₂, O₃, SO₂, NH₃, PM, as a response to emission variations of relevant sectors in Spain. Results are calculated using transfer matrices based on an air quality modelling system (AQMS) composed by the WRF (meteorology), SMOKE (emissions) and CMAQ (atmospheric-chemical processes) models. The AERIS outputs were statistically tested against the conventional AQMS and observations, revealing a good agreement in both cases. At the moment, integrated assessment in AERIS focuses only on the link between emissions and concentrations. The quantification of deposition, impacts (health, ecosystems) and costs will be introduced in the future. In conclusion, the main asset of AERIS is its accuracy in predicting air quality outcomes for different scenarios through a simple yet robust modelling framework, avoiding complex programming and long computing times.     

上海化学工业区的建设必须依托深水海港的开发

分析上海港目前特定的环境和制约因素，指出上海化学工业区的建设必须依托深水海港的开发，提出舟山群岛中的大衢山是建设深水港岛的理想基地，并作了与上海陆地联系的设想。     

现代设计之美——浅谈公共艺术的社会功能

公共艺术是与城市的快速发展息息相关的。城市的快速发展又带来了人们思想观念的日益进步。公共艺术设计发展的时间不长,却由于其多样的设计形式和强大的社会功能而受到人们的关注。公共性是公共艺术的本质特征,它主要作用于人的心理以达到既定的艺术和教育效果。随着社会的发展,公共艺术的社会影响和对社会的推动作用逐渐得到肯定。它的实现过程潜移默化又不容忽视,甚至可以弥补政策和手段所不能及之处。文章通过几个具有典型性的实例对公共艺术的社会功能予以概述。     

浅谈城市入口景观设计——以安仁县城市南入口景观设计为例

城市入口景观是城市边界的有机镶嵌,是公众对城市意象的形成的重要因素。文章结合安仁县城市入口景观设计实例,运用设计符号学的方法,从城市文化、文化表达、城市设计等方面对城市入口景观设计进行研究。     

Water uptake and tensile properties of carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber based water born paints: Models for water uptake prediction

Despite significant advances in water based surface coating technology, the presence of surfactants in emulsion polymer binders leads to loss of performance after prolonged immersion in water, relative to solvent based coatings that are free of surfactant impurities. This study begins with water uptake evaluation of a range of emulsion polymer binders. A carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber latex (c-SBR) performed best in the latter evaluations and was selected for the formulation of an exterior grade paint and construction of a mathematical model to predict water uptake of the dry film. The c-SBR was then compounded with a range of inorganic fillers and water uptake and tensile properties were evaluated. Talc was found to be the best performing filler, and was used in a three factorial central composite design study where the simultaneous effects of talc, titanium dioxide and phenolic stabiliser on water up take were evaluated and fitted to response equations. A quadratic model was found to provide the most accurate prediction of effects associated with interactions between talc and TiO₂. Certain combinations of talc and titanium dioxide were found to be synergistic in reducing the water uptake. This was considered to be associated with a packing effect stemming from the vast difference in particle size between talc and titanium dioxide particles. An optimised formulation was finally prepared to meet one of the final formulation objectives; i.e., minimised water uptake. Preparation of such a formulation showed that the predicted and measured water uptake responses were in excellent agreement. This study illustrates the effectiveness of statistical experimental design methods in predicting the water uptake characteristics of water-based coatings.     

构筑中控系统网络安全体系探析

中控系统网络化给广播电台提供了更灵活、功能更强大的中控传输系统,使得安全备份系统完善可靠,节目通道任意调配,状态信息实时掌握和控制处理手段多样灵活。本文着重阐述了中控系统网络化的基础框架、系统网络化的技术实现及功能特点。