隧道施工过程大比尺模型试验系统的研制及应用

 为研究隧道不同开挖方法的施工力学过程,研制大比尺三维模型试验系统,该系统最大外部尺寸为5.2 m×4.5 m×2.7 m(宽×高×厚),结构合理,可任意拆卸,组合拼装,自动液压控制系统具有压力高、保压时间长、可进行稳步梯级加载等特点,能够满足各类地下工程的三维和平面地质力学模型试验的要求。在既有地质力学相似材料的基础上,通过大量的不同材料配比及其力学参数测试,获得满足V级软弱围岩的相似材料配比。基于此开展铁路隧道施工过程的大比尺三维地质力学模型试验,真实模拟隧道在开挖和支护过程中不断变化的力学过程。试验结果表明,该系统稳定可靠,可广泛应用于其他地下工程的地质力学模型试验研究,其研究方法技术及所得结果对类似工程研究具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

基于掌子面编录和地质雷达的综合超前预报技术

 结合一深埋长大隧道工程,提出并实践基于掌子面编录和地质雷达的综合超前预报技术。在区域工程地质资料分析的基础上,重点依托隧道内掌子面地质素描进行预报方案优化和选择预报时机;依据局部揭露的不良地质体产状、单壁始见位置,通过三角函数运算,求得该条带状不良地质体在隧道两壁上下和拱顶的边界位置及其影响长度;当接近特殊地质地段时,采用地质雷达进行更精确的短期预报,依据雷达反射波的振幅、相位及频率等变化探查断层和地下水的赋存情况。对于较大范围的不良地质体,采取连续跟踪预报的策略,通过多次预报成果的验证及反馈能够显著提高预报的可靠性。该综合超前预报方法在隧道穿越断层和涌水段施工中取得满意的效果。     

岩石隧道塑性位移新解

 在统一强度理论和弹脆塑性模型的基础上,考虑塑性区围岩弹性模量的变化、中间主应力效应、围岩应变软化和剪胀等影响,推导了深埋圆形岩石隧道塑性位移新解。文中的隧道位移新解具有广泛的理论意义,可根据具体工程实际情况,进行多种合理选择。经工程算例分析可知,由塑性区半径相关的弹性模量计算得到的位移处于上、下限之间,反映了隧道开挖卸荷扰动影响的距离变化,更符合隧道变形真实情况,并得出统一强度理论参数和剪胀特性参数对塑性区位移的影响规律。研究结果表明：隧道塑性区位移受中间主应力、围岩剪胀特性和塑性区弹性模量的影响显著,三者相互影响,共同作用。     

分配网络中的反向入侵噪声及其防范措施

从实践的角度,分析分配网络中入侵噪声进入反向回路的主要途径,并提出防范措施.     

无内屏蔽彩管的地磁兼容性研究

地球存在着地磁场,地磁场对彩色显像管(CPT)的色纯度影响很大.为了减小地磁场对CPT色纯度的影响,通常在CPT内部装有磁屏蔽组件(简称为内屏蔽).本文介绍一种无内屏蔽组件的CPT,它既降低了CPT的成本,又不影响CPT的品位,还能满足全球地磁场的兼容性.     

Effects of lateral unloading on the mechanical and deformation performance of shield tunnel segment joints

Unloading during lateral excavation widely occurs in existing subway shield tunnels. Previous studies have focused on the overall stress and deformation of existing tunnels caused by nearby unloading. However, the stress and deformation state of tunnel segment joints have yet to be considered. This study considered the non-continuity of the shield tunnel lining and the interactions among tunnel segment, surrounding rocks and ballast bed. A hybrid model of a shield tunnel was established based on 3D nonlinear contact theory. The mechanical and deformation properties of the segments and joints of an existing shield tunnel under the influence of lateral excavation of the foundation pits were studied. Unloading during lateral excavation caused the cross section of the shield tunnel to generate vertical convergence and shift horizontally towards the foundation pit. An opening and dislocation in the joint, which caused the waterproof ability of the joint to decrease sharply, were observed. Meanwhile, stress at the segment joint increased sharply and caused local cracks in the segment lining. Axial and shearing force on the joint bolt also increased significantly. Based on existing subway regulations, the calculation results were combined to establish a deformation control standard for existing shield tunnels under lateral excavation. The rate of vertical convergence of the lining should be less than 3.68‰, and the rate of horizontal shift of the axis should be less than 0.53‰.     

Performance prediction of hard rock Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) in difficult ground

Performance prediction of TBMs is an essential part of project scheduling and cost estimation. This process involves a good understanding of the complexities in the site geology, machine specification, and site management. Various approaches have been used over the years to estimate TBM performance in a given ground condition, many of them were successful and within an acceptable range, while some missing the actual machine performance by a notable margin. Experience shows that the best approach for TBM performance prediction is to use various models to examine the range of estimated machine penetration and advance rates and choose a rate that best represents the working conditions that is closest to the setting of the model used for the estimation. This allows the engineers to avoid surprises and to identify the parameters that could dominate machine performance in each case. This paper reviews the existing models for performance prediction of TBMs and some of the ongoing research on developing better models for improved accuracy of performance estimate and increasing TBM utilization.     

Improved analytical model for circumferential behavior of jointed shield tunnels considering the longitudinal differential settlement

Differential settlements of the shield tunnel along the longitudinal direction can significantly affect the circumferential behavior of segmental lining, degrading both the structure safety and serviceability. In this paper, the authors introduce both the shearing effect and flattening effect on the tunnel cross section, which was caused by the longitudinal differential settlement, into an existing analytical model of jointed shield tunnels. An example is then presented to illustrate the variation of the circumferential behavior of segmental lining, including both the structure safety and serviceability, along the longitudinal position. Finally, a series of parametric studies are performed to investigate how factors such as tunnel longitudinal settlement, property of surrounding ground, and the design parameters of segmental lining affect the circumferential behavior of the segmental lining.     

Risk analysis using fault-tree analysis (FTA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) applicable to shield TBM tunnels

In this paper, the potential risk of undesirable events occurring during tunneling with application of a shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) method is discussed along with the risk analysis which can systematically assess overall risk levels. Potential risks and typical scenarios pertaining to shield TBM tunnels have been investigated based on previous case histories and correspondence with experts. The relevant risks from undesirable events were categorized into four groups: cutter-related malfunction, machine blockage or hold-up, mucking problems that hinder transporting excavated materials, and segment defects. A fault-tree set was constructed by grouping risk factors (or causes) into geological, design and construction/management factors. Risk analysis was performed by adopting fault-tree analysis (FTA) and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with consideration of the probability and impact of the risks. In addition, the proposed method was reliably validated by comparison with field observation, and thus indicates its applicability to risk management for shield TBM tunneling.