Electroactive Thermoplastics

Proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells are one of the most commercially important applications of electroactive polymers. It has been found that their performance can be optimized by controlling water transport via thin layers of ionomers with increasing equivalent weights in the catalyst layer (see Figure). Recent developments in this area are presented here within the context of development of innovative electroactive materials.     

Catalytic Hydrogenation of Polystyrene

The use of ultra wide pore silica as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of polystyrene to give poly(cyclohexylethylene) (PCHE) has facilitated the development of a dramatically improved process with much milder conditions. The large pores allow rapid diffusion into and out of the catalyst, so that the interior surfaces are also available for reaction. The mild conditions give rise to high‐quality PCHE, whose structure is shown in the Figure.     

Modeling Foam Growth in Thermoplastics

Foaming of thermoplastic polymers is a complex process. Here models are presented that address the viscoelastic character of the thermoplastic melt during the expansion phase of foam development. Each cell is described as consisting of a spherical gas bubble surrounded by a spherical shell of polymer containing dissolved gas (see Figure).     

Shear Yielding in Blown Oriented Polystyrene Films

Control over orientation is important for polystyrene (PS) films since it can affect brittleness in these materials. These authors discuss how the film morphology can be varied by orientation processing in amorphous bubble‐blown PS films and how it influences the properties and performance of the film. The Figure shows the film morphology resulting from straining along the transverse direction of the blown bubble.     

Properties and Applications of Microemulsions

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, fluid, optically clear dispersions of two immiscible liquids. Recent interest in microemulsion systems has resulted from their utility in a broad range of applications including enhanced oil recovery, consumer and pharmaceutical formulations, nanoparticle synthesis, and chemical reaction media. However, the high levels typically required to ensure complete microemulsification and formulation stability often result in unacceptably high residue, contaminant levels, and formulation cost. One way to reduce surfactant requirements in microemulsion systems is through the use of efficient surfactants and interfacially active cosurfactants. We have explored and developed microemulsion systems based on efficient anionic surfactants and glycol ether cosurfactants that are stable to temperature and compositional changes and yet employ low levels of non‐volatile surfactants. These microemulsion systems are finding utility in a range of applications, including consumer and industrial cleaning formulations, chemical reaction media, polymerization, and active ingredient delivery.     

Lightweight Cellular Plastics

Plastic foams have found a number of applications in the energy absorption, thermal, and acoustic markets. Here advances that have been made with extruded polystyrene, polyolefin, and polyurethane foams, and their uses, particularly in the automotive industry, are highlighted. The Figure shows a 65 % compressed foam.     

某炼钢企业工伤事故统计分析

运用统计分析方法对某炼钢企业2012至2013年的37起工伤事故典型案例进行分析,根据事故所在部门、地点、事故类别、事故原因、受伤部位、伤害程度等特点,采用直方图法对工伤事故进行统计分析：炼钢厂是该企业工伤事故发生率最高的部门;该钢铁企业发生次数最多的事故为机械伤害事故;违纪违章率为70.27%,是导致该企业事故发生的主要原因;头部和手脚受伤率为65%,工作环境艰苦,安全管理水平很低下,员工安全意识薄弱,是导致众多事故的根本原因等结论,为查找事故发生的规律和主要原因,预防和治理事故提供数据。     

云泉煤业各水源类型的水化学特征分析研究

云泉煤业的主要水害类型为采空区水、顶板裂隙水,其次为地表水,奥灰水。为更快速高效地辨别出水水源,特针对性的采集了不同水源的水样,采用KSF-W300型矿井水源快速识别系统进行水样的甄别,遴选出具有代表性的水源水样,综合描述性统计、相关性分析、运用 Piper 三线图进而对不同水源的水化学特征及其形成机理进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:该矿地下水化学特征的形成主要受到岩石风化溶解作用的影响,同时伴随着一定的吸附交换作用及脱碳酸作用。其4种水源的水化学类型各不相同,地表水水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca,裂隙水的化学类型为HCO₃-Na,老空水的化学类型为HCO₃（SO₄）-CaMg,奥灰水的化学类型为SO₄HCO₃-CaMg。同时,总结出了4种水源类型的特征离子,并给出了特征离子的量化指标,便于后续日常探水及突水时更加快速高效地辨别出水水源,使得防治水作业更具靶向性。     

上海市合同能源管理项目实施信息化管理的经验与启示

节能服务公司和合同能源管理项目近年来在我国发展迅速,为促进合同能源管理机制的进一步完善,建立一个科学、适用的管理平台,实现合同能源项目的报备、国家相关优惠补助政策和合同能源管理知识的宣传等等,都是很必要的。上海市合同能源指导委员会办公室通过管理信息系统,配合政府主管部门开展节能管理和监察工作,有效地促进了合同能源管理项目的信息共享,优化了资金审批流程,并为合同能源管理统计和分析工作提供了便利。     

云峰分公司磷酸二铵生产工艺特点

介绍云峰分公司产能为300 kt/a磷酸二铵(DAP)装置的生产特点、中和过程操作条件和装置存在问题。通过技术改造,工艺指标优化,工艺更加稳定,运行周期由15 d延长至30 d,产品外观质量的波动减少,劳动强度及能耗下降。