信息系统体系结构模式的比较与选择

简要地介绍了主要的信息系统体系结构模式,针对软硬件要求、开发投入、维护与功能扩展、安全与稳定等几个方面,分析了各种体系结构模式的性能以及不同体系结构对信息系统开发的影响,并以应用实例方式,介绍了信息系统体系结构选择的过程。     

群体间竞争与协作的遗传算法解决旅行商问题

旅行商问题是经典的NP难组合优化问题之一,快速有效地解决旅行商问题具有重要的理论和实际意义。受自然界物种群体间相互联系的启发,提出了群体间竞争与协作的遗传算法来解决旅行商问题。该算法在迭代的过程中,每次只选择竞争力大的种群进行进化,同时为了维持各个种群间发展的平衡,对它们进行周期性的交流,能促使进化过程中中好的基因模式迅速地在各个种群中传播,提高了整体的进化速度。此算法不但能有效地维持群体的多样性,而且能提高收敛的速度。通过对旅行商问题的仿真实验,证明了该算法的可行性与有效性。     

Institutional competition protects consumers: Public power vs. private power

The historical competition between public power and private power shows that retail customers have chosen the former to reduce costs and improve customer service. Research also shows that publicly owned utilities employ cost-minimizing algorithms, and that federal and state regulators favor the interests of investors over those of customers, undermining their obligation to protect consumer welfare. Institutional options matter and should be strongly encouraged.     

Hard multidimensional multiple choice knapsack problems, an empirical study

Recent advances in algorithms for the multidimensional multiple choice knapsack problems have enabled us to solve rather large problem instances. However, these algorithms are evaluated with very limited benchmark instances. In this study, we propose new methods to systematically generate comprehensive benchmark instances. Some instances with special correlation properties between parameters are found to be several orders of magnitude harder than those currently used for benchmarking the algorithms. Experiments on an existing exact algorithm and two generic solvers show that instances whose weights are uncorrelated with the profits are easier compared with weakly or strongly correlated cases. Instances with classes containing similar set of profits for items and with weights strongly correlated to the profits are the hardest among all instance groups investigated. These hard instances deserve further study and understanding their properties may shed light to better algorithms.     

Gender differences in computer attitudes and the choice of technology-related occupations in a sample of secondary students in Spain

The dearth of women in technology and ICT-related fields continues to be a topic of interest for both the scientific community and decision-makers. Research on attitudes towards computers proves that women display more negative computer attitudes than men and also make less intense use of technology and computers than their male counterparts. For this reason, the main aims of this study are threefold. Firstly, to analyze the existence of gender differences in three dimensions of computer attitudes in a group of 550 secondary students in Spain (mean of age = 15 years old; SD = 1.73). Secondly, to study the moderating influence of a group of contextual variables on those gender differences in computer attitudes. And thirdly, to examine the predictive role of computer attitudes on the intention to pursue technology-related occupations. Some of the analyses of variance carried out show more positive computer attitudes in boys than in girls. These differences are more salient among students coming from rural areas and the upper social class, who are also enrolled in the domain of technology in secondary education, and whose mothers have no occupation outside the home. Finally, simple logistic regressions were carried out in order to prove that all dimensions of computer attitudes predict the enrollment intentions to pursue technology-related occupations. Nonetheless, gender only moderates the relationship between the cognitive dimension of computer attitudes and the enrollment intentions to pursue technology-related occupations.     

智能控制课双语教学改革

智能控制课采用双语教学有助于学生更好地掌握理论、了解国际先进的智能控制技术,但是教学内容的选择、教材和英语讲解始终是困扰双语教学的问题。教学内容要理论联系工程应用,教材使用中英文对照形式,着重基本概念和理论的原著解释、实例。英语讲授比例宜灵活掌握,淡化英语口语,着重专业词汇和专业原文阅读,并结合专业软件的应用。     

Modeling the high pH sensitivity of Suspended Gate Field Effect Transistor (SGFET)

High sensitivity to chemical species of sub-micron gap Suspended-Gate FETs (more than 200 mV/pH for example) is explained from the charge distribution induced by the high field in the sub-micronic gap under the gate-bridge. Modeling of Metal-Electrolyte-Insulator-Silicon (MEIS) capacitor, which is the basic vertical structure of the transistor, is performed to highlight this effect through the response to the pH change of the solution filling the gap. The analytical model is based on the 2D-numerical resolution of Poisson's equation. The response of quasi-static C(V) plots versus pH is simulated using both electrolyte charge distribution and site-binding theory considering the influence of sites densities on silicon nitride. Device modeling and simulated/experimental electrical characteristics are presented. Effect of the gap thickness on the pH sensitivity is also discussed in this study.     

基于前景值的多类型出行者逐日路径选择模型

为研究非平衡态下的出行者逐日路径选择行为,以前景理论为基础,综合考虑出行者对路网随机性和逐日路径调整行为中的有限理性,基于出行经验数据逐日更新预留出行时间参考点,根据有限记忆规则和理解行程时间更新计算逐日路径前景值,并构建基于转移系数的逐日流量更新规则。最后结合算例分析了有限理性、完全理性、完全历史信息和非完全历史信息出行者所占比例及预留行程时间可靠度值对路网达到平衡态的演化时间及最终流量分布状态的影响。     

小型水电站扩容增效技改中同期点和同期方式选择

本文针对目前每个小型水电站扩容增效技改中微机监控设计和改造中必须解决的同期点选择和同期方式确定问题结合相关理论、规范,在总结常规监控方式下同类问题的解决办法基础上结合工程实际提出了切实可行解决问题的方法和依据。     

BPEL 流程建模中的交叠模式分析与转换

由图形化流程建模语言生成可执行的业务流程语言(business process execution language,简称BPEL)时,对于源模型中顺序与并发结构交织的情况(称为交叠模式),传统的复制相关活动方法缺少系统分析及形式化描述.针对这一现状,提出基于工作流网的UML活动图生成BPEL方法,以自由选择工作流网作为活动图的理论基础,利用活的、有界的自由选择网系统的合成规则,定义合理的自由选择工作流网中的两种交叠模式,针对其中一种给出复制相关活动的形式化转换方法,并借助Petri网的并发正则表达式证明转换等价性,说明另一种交叠模式中复制相关活动方法的适用范围.针对BPEL流程建模及图形化流程语言生成块状语言过程中的交叠模式转换问题,给出形式化的描述与解决方法.