带约束拉杆L形方钢管混凝土组合异形柱的受力研究

为研究对拉约束拉杆对组合柱性能的影响,针对L形组合异形柱设置不同类型的约束拉杆、不同强度材料等进行数值模拟,对比该类型下的相应试验结果,分析验证了对拉约束拉杆对L形组合异形柱的性能改善作用,得到了对拉约束在柱延性及承载力方面的积极影响效果。最后基于线性回归分析的理论计算方法表现出了和数值结果较高的一致性,建立了具有较高参考价值的带约束拉杆的组合异形柱承载力计算公式。     

基于组合赋权的湖泊健康评价物元分析模型

湖泊生态系统的健康是人与自然和谐相处及可持续发展理念的重要体现。通过建立湖泊健康评价物元分析模型,并改进其指标权重的计算,以离差平方和准则将层次分析法、熵值法及主成分分析法3种赋权方法取得的权重结合得到最优组合赋权,应用到某地5个湖泊进行湖泊健康评价。根据当地湖泊具体情况,选取12个详细指标建立评价体系与评价标准,通过模型计算得出结果显示5个湖泊中4个湖泊评价结果为优,一个评价结果为良,湖泊总体健康状况良好。因此该模型用于湖泊健康评价是非常有效的。     

企业认证和企业管理国际化

企业管理的国际化要求企业的管理与国际管理相接轨，做到科学有效，提高产品的竞争力。企业认证则为企业提供了国际先进的管理模式，二者结合，使企业在管理中不断发展和完善。     

直播稻田化学除草试验

直播稻田用不同药剂在播种后各一次化除或播种后两次化除都具有很好的除草效果。播后前期是化学除草的关键时期播后前期每６６７米＾２用１０％苄嘧黄隆１５克＋６０％丁划胺６０毫升，１０％苄嘧黄隆１５克＋５０％杀草丹１５０毫升，１７．２％新幼禾葆２４０克或１５．８％幼禾葆２００克防铲均较好。     

Aboveground nitrogen in relation to estimated total plant uptake in maize and bean

The main objective of this field study was to estimate the total plant uptake of soil mineral N in maize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in crop rotations under different N content in Nicaragua. Secondary objectives were to estimate the fraction of the measured soil mineral N content taken up in this way, and to determine how the measured N in plant aboveground parts was related to the total mineral N uptake. A large variation in N content was obtained by using data from fertilisation experiments. Plant total N uptake was estimated as the residual N in a mass balance calculation of soil mineral N. Mineral N content in the top 0–0.3 m soil layer in the field cultivations and in tubes isolated from root uptake, and N content in aboveground plant parts were measured every 30 days. Estimated plant total uptake of soil mineral N varied considerably (2.5–14 g N m⁻² 30 day⁻¹) over periods and N treatments. The range of variation was similar for maize and bean. The fraction of the soil mineral N that was taken up by the plant daily varied more in maize (about 0.03–0.12 day⁻¹) than in bean (about 0.05–0.08 day⁻¹). Our results suggest that monthly changes in N in aboveground plant parts were linearly related to plant total N uptake during the same period. Aboveground plant N constituted between about 55% and 80% of total uptake of soil mineral N in maize depending on period within season, whereas for bean it was more constant and smaller (about 40%).     

A comprehensive approach to evaluating watershed models for predicting river flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services

Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices.     

Phosphorus Fractionation and Sorption in P-enriched Soils of Norway

Phosphorus (P) enrichment can lead to imbalance in nutrient availability and pollution of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Hence studies were carried out to investigate fractionation and sorption of P in eleven P-enriched soils collected from different agro-climatic sites in Norway. Different P fractions viz. total, organic, inorganic (easily soluble P, Fe-P, Al-P, Ca-P and occluded P), P_w (water extractable), and NH₄-lactate extractable P (P_AL) at the beginning and after the completion of the experiments varied widely among the soils studied, indicating a wide variability of P supplying capacity of these soils. Soluble P was positively correlated to Ca-P (r = 0.94; P < 0.001), P_w (r = 0.87; P < 0.001), pH (r = 0.79; P < 0.01) and P_AL (r = 0.79; P < 0.01), whereas it was negatively correlated with ammonium oxalate-extractable Al (Al_ox) (r = ?0.68; P < 0.05). Iron-P was only moderately related to Al_ox(r = 0.64; P < 0.05) and P_ox(r = 0.70; P < 0.05), whereas it was not related to any of the other parameters tested. The α [α = P_ox/(Fe_ox + Al_ox)] was highly correlated with P_AL (r = 0.93; P < 0.001), pH (r = 0.87; P < 0.001), inorganic P (r = 0.80; P < 0.01) and P_w(r = 0.77; P < 0.01) but moderately to total P (r = 0.71; P < 0.05). Adsorption data fitted well to the Langmuir equation for most soils. The P affinity constant (k), adsorption maximum (b) and thus maximum buffering capacity (mbc) and adsorption isotherm of P were highest in the sandy clay soil from Øsaker, which also contained high amounts of Fe, Al and clay particles and the lowest in sandy soil from Vestrålen, which contained very high initial P_ALand the lowest content of Fe, Al, silt and clay among all the soils studied. The P affinity constant (k) was correlated positively and significantly to clay content (r = 0.66; P < 0.05), whereas mbc was correlated positively and significantly to clay content (r = 0.63; P < 0.05) and ammonium oxalate-extractable Fe (Fe_ox) (r = 0.63; P < 0.05). Phosphorus desorption of the soils varied widely depending on the initial P status and texture of the soils. Phosphorus desorbed by NH₄-lactate was many fold higher as compared to CaCl₂ in most soils.     

鼠标的组合型腔浇注系统优化设计

本文将注塑系统平衡的理论和数值模拟技术紧密结合起采，研究鼠标组合型腔的浇注系统。如果熔体不能同时到达各浇口并充满各个型腔，将导致压力分布不均匀，使制品的质量下降，以至于出现充不满等问题，本研究对浇注系统优化，得出了一组最佳的浇注系统方案，从而保证熔体能够基本上在同一时间充满型腔，实现熔体的平衡流动。从分析结果可知，要平衡熔体在组合型腔内的流动，分流道的截面形状和尺寸起到非常大的作用。     

一种应用于复杂组合软件的可靠性测试模型

当前复杂的组合型软件可靠性测试一直是一个难点,主要原因是无法多多种差异性较大的软件特征建立可约束的检测分析模型,一旦软件数量过多,模型会迅速陷入不收敛。为了解决这一问题,提出一种复杂组合差异性软件的可靠性分析模型。对组合软件以一种分解的思想对其进行建模。对分解后的软件特征进行重新分区建模。形成多个可测试的子服务特征。运用一种稳定概率统计的观点,对模型进行分析,分析不同区域组合后的稳定概率,进而代表组合后的可靠性结果。仿真实验结果表明,该种模型能改对较多软件组成的、差异性较大的大型软件可靠性进行更为合理的分析,模型鲁棒性较好,能较好完成可靠性分析的工作。     

基于参数估计的半挂汽车列车稳定性控制研究

车辆参数估计是半挂汽车列车稳定性控制研究的关键,通过递推最小二乘法（RLS）估计整车质量和轮胎侧偏刚度,进而获取挂车横摆转动惯量,将估计的车辆参数应用于稳定性控制系统,修正控制系统参数.基于商用车动力学仿真软件TruckSim建立了某半挂汽车列车的非线性整车仿真模型,在Matlab/Simulink中设计建立了稳定性控制逻辑和参考响应模型,通过TruckSim-Simulink的联合仿真对控制方案进行了验证分析.结果表明,基于名义参数设计的控制系统受载重变化的影响较大,而带有参数估计的控制系统由于能够对控制参数进行修正,可以较好地适应载运工况的变化,受载运工况的影响较小.