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Modeling and assimilation of root zone soil moisture using remote sensing observations in Walnut Gulch Watershed during SMEX04 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Soil moisture status in the root zone is an important component of the water cycle at all spatial scales (e.g., point, field, catchment, watershed, and region). In this study, the spatio-temporal evolution of root zone soil moisture of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona was investigated during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Root zone soil moisture was estimated via assimilation of aircraft-based remotely sensed surface soil moisture into a distributed Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model. An ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) based on a Kalman filtering scheme was used for assimilating the aircraft-based soil moisture observations at a spatial resolution of 800 m × 800 m. The SWAP model inputs were derived from the SSURGO soil database, LAI (Leaf Area Index) data from SMEX04 database, and data from meteorological stations/rain gauges at the WGEW. Model predictions are presented in terms of temporal evolution of soil moisture probability density function at various depths across the WGEW. The assimilation of the remotely sensed surface soil moisture observations had limited influence on the profile soil moisture. More specifically, root zone soil moisture depended mostly on the soil type. Modeled soil moisture profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the experiment at the ground based soil moisture stations in the watershed. Comparisons showed that the ground-based soil moisture observations at various depths were within ± 1 standard deviation of the modeled profile soil moisture. Density plots of root zone soil moisture at various depths in the WGEW exhibited multi-modal variations due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and the heterogeneity of soil types and soil layers across the watershed. 相似文献
4.
G. S. Ghali 《Water Resources Management》1989,3(1):35-47
The mathematical model which was developed in part I of this work for multi-dimensional analysis of soil moisture in irrigated fields is converted into computer algorithms. The algorithms are capable of emulating many field conditions of practical applications during both design and operation phases. The model is subjected to various tests, the results of which are reported here. The tests in various modes of simulations verified the numerical performance of the model and the accuracy of its predictions. The model provides a powerful tool for detailed studies of soil moisture dynamics in one or multi-dimensional problems irrigated fields 相似文献
5.
土壤碳固定问题已成为陆地生态系统碳循环研究的热点问题。土壤碳固定是缓解温室效应加剧的有效方法之一。土壤有机碳含量变化受土地利用方式和耕作措施的强烈影响。将自然土壤转变为耕作土壤会导致土壤碳库的迅速下降,使土壤损失有机碳4.1-5.0×1013kg之间。采用新的农业措施会使碳损失量的60-70%重新被固定。这些措施有保护性耕作(少耕或免耕)、合理施用肥料、覆盖作物、应用深根且富含木质素的作物等。土壤除了固定有机碳外,干旱和半干旱地区土壤还具有固定无机碳的巨大潜力。文章还简要介绍了评价土壤有机碳的两种方法,并对今后的工作提出了几点建议。 相似文献
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用连续分级提取和反复多次酸提取方法研究了长期土壤酸化对红壤固相铝库中铝含量及亏损程度的影响。研究结果表明:嵊县红壤的活性铝库大于永春红壤和屯溪红壤;因永春红壤和屯溪红壤的酸化程度大于嵊县红壤,前两者的有机铝库和无机铝库都比嵊县红壤的亏损,因此反复酸提取过程中铝的释放量也比嵊县红壤少;当高强度酸输入土壤后,弱键合的有机络合态铝可快速活化并亏损,剩余铝库因活性小而释放速率减小,但长期酸化过程中,动力学控制的低活性铝库的活化可能对铝的溶解量仍有重要贡献。 相似文献
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This paper describes an effective analysis of magnetic shielding based on homogenization. The analyses become time‐consuming if the problems include the magnetic substances having fine structure. The homogenization of the structure makes it possible to analyze effectively the magnetic fields. The authors introduce a method to estimate the effective permeability of the homogenized substance. This method can be applied to any periodic structure made of magnetic substance. The magnetic shielding effects by the structures against direct‐current (DC) fields generated by electric railways are analyzed by using the present method. As a result, it is found that the overhead way and the protective fence near the railway work as a magnetic shield, whose effects can be improved by appropriate arrangement of those constructions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(4): 7–15, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20310 相似文献
8.
特低渗透油层含油饱和度的一种校正方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
松辽盆地北部扶杨油层属特低渗透油层,即使采用油基泥浆取心或密闭取心样品,束缚水饱和度也难以测准。蒸馏法试验表明,若试验温度低,则束缚水蒸发不彻底,实测含水饱和度偏低;若试验温度高,则容易造成岩样粘土矿物晶间水脱水,实测含水饱和度偏高,影响了储量计算精度。为搞清特低渗透油层流体蒸发特征,开展了蒸发率试验,试验过程是:将岩样洗油后重新饱和水,再在与蒸馏法试验相同的试验条件下测定蒸发的水量。试验结果表明,有效孔隙度越小,蒸发率越低。由于两个试验过程的蒸发率近似相等,用蒸发率试验可以模拟蒸馏法试验,由此推导出束缚水饱和度计算公式。应用该公式对榆树林油田进行测算,校正前后原始含油饱和度相差12%以上,储量相差20×106t以上。图2(郭海莉摘) 相似文献
9.
含聚二甲基硅氧烷的聚醚聚氨酯膜透气性及表面性质研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)/聚四氢呋喃(PTMO)为软段,4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)为硬段(丁二醇BD为扩链剂)制成的多相嵌段共聚物作为基质材料,进行了气体(O2和N2)透过性试验,同时对膜材料进行了ESCA表面分析。结果表明,共聚物膜的透气性能取决于材料中连续相组分,随着软段中PDMS含量的改变而变化。当PDMS含量较高时,共聚物膜显示出PDMS均聚物的特性,具有较高的气体秀 相似文献
10.
Review: Modified Atmosphere Packaging and its effects on the microbiological quality and safety of produce 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Carol A. Phillips 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(6):463-479
Modified Atmosphere Packaging and related technologies are increasingly used to extend shelf-life of fresh produce. This paper reviews the effect of such technology on the spoilage microbiological flora and food-borne pathogens which may be present in produce and also on the organoleptic properties of the product. 相似文献