路面透水混凝土性能研究

结合透水混凝土的特点,通过试验系统地研究了水灰比与砂率对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水性的影响,并对其进行了深入分析,为制备性能优良的透水混凝土提供了指导。     

透水性沥青路面透水机理研究

在对降雨条件下透水性沥青路面产流机制分析的基础上,建立了透水性沥青路面渗透的计算模型,得到了透水性沥青路面最大渗透量的计算表达式,通过对透水性沥青混合料的渗透试验,得出了渗透系数与空隙率的关系,得到了透水性沥青路面控制地表径流的目标空隙率表达式。     

土壤颗粒结构的分形模型及其渗透性

基于离散颗粒模型的颗粒材料数值模拟结果与颗粒细观结构及颗粒样本的形成历史密切相关,近年来颗粒材料结构与样本生成技术日益得到重视。考虑到分形在分析和刻画岩土介质多孔结构特征的优势,在模拟土壤颗粒结构的一般性Pore-Solid Fractal模型(PSF)基础上,形成了一种适应于离散颗粒模型数值模拟的修正PSF模型。分析了该模型生成的颗粒结构的孔隙及孔隙—颗粒接触面的性质,并进一步基于Kozeny-Carmen公式给出了其渗透系数计算公式。     

大型数控高压渗透试验仪的研制

研制开发了一套大型数控高压渗透仪,设备由试验仪主机,伺服加载控制系统,高压渗透控制测量及采集分析系统等组成。该设备可以进行最大粒径为200mm的堆石料和坝基覆盖层砂砾料,在有上覆压力及渗流作用下的垂直向渗透与渗透变形试验研究。详细介绍了渗透仪的技术参数、设计思路以及技术难题的解决方案。该设备具有垂直荷载大、水头压力高、控制精度高、自动化控制、自动采集等优点。     

煤层气-水两相流渗透率测定实验研究

煤的绝对渗透率、气-水相对渗透率在预测煤层气开采中甲烷和水的产率是极为必要的参数。以晋城天地王坡煤矿为例,利用稳态法测定煤层气-水两相流有效渗透率及束缚水状态煤岩绝对渗透率,得到气-水相对渗透率关系曲线及有效应力与气、水有效渗透率关系曲线,揭示一些新的规律:气、水相对渗透率随围压增大而略有增加;气、水有效渗透率随有效应力的增加而降低,降低了其渗透性能;有效应力存在某一分界点,当小于该值时,气、水有效渗透率随有效应力的增加而迅速降低,对于天地王坡煤矿3?煤样测定结果,有效应力分界点为2.7MPa左右;有效应力存在某一临界值,当大于该临界值时,气、水有效渗透率随有效应力的增加而降低,但幅度不大,对于本实验煤样,有效应力临界值为8.5 MPa左右。实验结果可为煤层气的合理抽采提供基本理论依据。     

Characterization of 3D pore nanostructure and stress-dependent permeability of organic-rich shales in northern Guizhou Depression,China

The three-dimensional (3D) pore structures and permeability of shale are critical for forecasting gas production capacity and guiding pressure differential control in practical reservoir extraction. However, few investigations have analyzed the effects of microscopic organic matter (OM) morphology and 3D pore nanostructures on the stress sensitivity, which are precisely the most unique and controlling factors of reservoir quality in shales. In this study, ultra-high nanoscale-resolution imaging experiments, i.e. focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEMs), were conducted on two organic-rich shale samples from Longmaxi and Wufeng Formations in northern Guizhou Depression, China. Pore morphology, porosity of 3D pore nanostructures, pore size distribution, and connectivity of the six selected regions of interest (including clump-shaped OMs, interstitial OMs, framboidal pyrite, and microfractures) were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized. Pulse decay permeability (PDP) measurement was used to investigate the variation patterns of stress-dependent permeability and stress sensitivity of shales under different confining pressures and pore pressures, and the results were then used to calculate the Biot coefficients for the two shale formations. The results showed that the samples have high OM porosity and 85% of the OM pores have the radius of less than 40 nm. The OM morphology and pore structure characteristics of the Longmaxi and Wufeng Formations were distinctly different. In particular, the OM in the Wufeng Formation samples developed some OM pores with radius larger than 500 nm, which significantly improved the connectivity. The macroscopic permeability strongly depends on the permeability of OM pores. The stress sensitivity of permeability of Wufeng Formation was significantly lower than that of Longmaxi Formation, due to the differences in OM morphology and pore structures. The Biot coefficients of 0.729 and 0.697 were obtained for the Longmaxi and Wufeng Formations, respectively.     

Optimizing natural rubber blends for examination gloves: Vacuum radiation for mechanical strength and solvent barrier

Natural rubber (NR) is emblematic of sustainability compared to synthetic rubber. However, the tradition of adding sulfur as a vulcanization ingredient results in the release of toxic substances and the potential for health issues. In this study, a feasible strategy was proposed to replace sulfur and discover a safe bulk modification process for NR films. The results have shown that the NR particle size was disintegrated to below 10 nm by gamma irradiation. High tension strength up to 24.45 MPa was observed in the vulcanized NR blend film, which could be elongated up to 800% strain after exposure to an optimum dose of 14 kGy. In comparison to commercial NR latex and nitrile gloves, the vulcanized NR/ SIS films exhibited better chemical resistance ability against hexane, methanol, toluene, and acetone, as revealed by the permeation test. The appearance of amorphous regions and highly oriented NR crystallites was observed through transmission electron microscopy. Findings from this study propose the vacuum radiation strategy that can replace conventional vulcanization methods, resulting in NR films with high mechanical and barrier performance. Furthermore, the emission of toxic substances is reduced by this green process, making it practically useful for potential chemical-resistant examination glove applications.     

Polystyrene/Polyolefin Elastomer Blends Loaded with Halloysite Nanotubes: Morphological,Mechanical, and Gas Barrier Properties

Herein, a simple melt-blending method is utilized to disperse of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in polystyrene/polyolefin elastomer (PS/POE) blends. Based on morphological studies, the PS/POE/HNT nanocomposite containing up to 3 phr HNTs shows excellent nanofiller dispersion, while those filled with 5 phr HNTs exhibit nanofiller aggregation. To overcome the nanofiller aggregation issue, the polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer is added to the PS/POE/HNT nanocomposite, which results in improved mechanical properties for the nanocomposite sheets. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilized HNTs to the PS/POE blends leads to decreased O₂ and N₂ gas permeabilities. Besides, incorporating POE, HNTs, and PP-g-MA leads to a decrease in water vapor transmission of PS. In the end, the experimentally-determined mechanical properties and gas permeabilities of the nanocomposite sheets are compared to those predicted by prevalent theoretical models, revealing a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results. Molecular-dynamics simulations are also carried out to calculate the gas diffusion coefficients in the different sheets to further support the experimental findings in this study. Overall, the PS/POE/HNT/PP-g-MA nanocomposite sheets fabricated in this work demonstrate excellent mechanical and gas barrier properties; and hence, can be used as candidate packaging materials. However, the strength of the resulting PS/POE blend may be inferior to that of the virgin PS.     

甘蔗土壤科学及甘蔗农业生态

本文旨在从保肥,供肥,土壤酸化土壤结构坏变来从旱地,沙田,咸田,基塘地,地膜覆盖蔗地五大农业生态系统蔗区分别比较阐述其问题和解决途径。