全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34287篇 |
免费 | 1020篇 |
国内免费 | 616篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 589篇 |
技术理论 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 861篇 |
化学工业 | 4687篇 |
金属工艺 | 1428篇 |
机械仪表 | 1089篇 |
建筑科学 | 4834篇 |
矿业工程 | 557篇 |
能源动力 | 7402篇 |
轻工业 | 1208篇 |
水利工程 | 3289篇 |
石油天然气 | 1183篇 |
武器工业 | 121篇 |
无线电 | 1234篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2794篇 |
冶金工业 | 2057篇 |
原子能技术 | 410篇 |
自动化技术 | 2172篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 48篇 |
2023年 | 458篇 |
2022年 | 763篇 |
2021年 | 799篇 |
2020年 | 847篇 |
2019年 | 773篇 |
2018年 | 722篇 |
2017年 | 784篇 |
2016年 | 994篇 |
2015年 | 941篇 |
2014年 | 1626篇 |
2013年 | 2076篇 |
2012年 | 1604篇 |
2011年 | 2893篇 |
2010年 | 2047篇 |
2009年 | 2266篇 |
2008年 | 1922篇 |
2007年 | 2098篇 |
2006年 | 1879篇 |
2005年 | 1546篇 |
2004年 | 1303篇 |
2003年 | 1190篇 |
2002年 | 948篇 |
2001年 | 770篇 |
2000年 | 689篇 |
1999年 | 657篇 |
1998年 | 588篇 |
1997年 | 455篇 |
1996年 | 388篇 |
1995年 | 333篇 |
1994年 | 293篇 |
1993年 | 157篇 |
1992年 | 190篇 |
1991年 | 134篇 |
1990年 | 98篇 |
1989年 | 105篇 |
1988年 | 76篇 |
1987年 | 75篇 |
1986年 | 63篇 |
1985年 | 70篇 |
1984年 | 60篇 |
1983年 | 48篇 |
1982年 | 49篇 |
1981年 | 37篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
11.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(74):31833-31842
Biomass gasification technology under microwave irradiation is a new and novel method, and the energy conversion performances during the process play a guiding role in improving the energy conversion efficiencies and developing the gasification simulation models. In order to improve the energy utilization efficiency of microwave biomass gasification system, this study investigated and presented the energy conversion performances during biomass gasification process under microwave irradiation, and these were materialized through detailing (a) the energy conversion performance in the microwave heating stage, and (b) the energy conversion performance in the microwave assisted biomass gasification stage. Different forms of energies in the biomass microwave gasification process were calculated by the method given in this study based on the experimental data. The results showed that the useful energy (energy in silicon carbide (SiC), 18.73 kJ) accounted for 31.22% of the total energy input (electrical energy, 60.00 kJ) in the heating stage, and the useful energy (energy in the products, 758.55 kJ) accounted for 63.41% of the total energy input (electrical and biomass energy, 1196.28 kJ) in the gasification stage. During the whole biomass gasification process under microwave irradiation, the useful energy output (energy in the products, 758.55 kJ) accounted for 60.38% of the total energy input (electrical and biomass energy, 1256.28 kJ), and the energy in the gas (523.40 kJ) product played a dominate role in product energy (758.55 kJ). The energy loss mainly included the heat loss in the gas flow (89.20 kJ), magnetron loss (191.80 kJ) and microwave dissipation loss (198.00 kJ), which accounted for 7.10%, 15.27% and 15.76% of the total energy, respectively. The contents detailed in this study not only presented the energy conversion performances during microwave assisted gasification process but also supplied important data for developing gasification simulation models. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(3):881-886
In this paper we report on the preparation and laser performance of transparent 3at.% Yb:Sc2O3 ceramics by reactive sintering of commercially available powders under vacuum followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Combinations of different vacuum sintering temperatures (1650 °C and 1750 °C) and different HIP treatments (1700 °C and 1800 °C at 200 MPa) were tested in order to understand how these steps influence the microstructure and thus the optical and lasing properties of the ceramic samples. All the samples showed a good optical quality. The microstructure analysis and the laser tests showed that the vacuum pre-sintering temperature is the key factor determining the quality of the samples and the laser performances. The best values of slope efficiency i.e. ηL = 50 % and output power i.e. Pout = 6.62 W were obtained for the sample pre-sintered under vacuum at 1650 °C and hot isostatically pressed at 1800 °C. 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(69):34449-34462
Three-dimensional Bödewadt flow (fluid rotates at a large enough distance from the stationary plate) of carbon nanomaterial is examined. Single walled and multi walled CNTs are dissolved in water and gasoline oil baseliquids. Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium is considered. Stationary disk is further stretched linearly in radial direction. Heat transfer effect is examined in presence of radiation and convection. Effect of viscous dissipation is accounted. Entropy generation rate is studied. By using adequate transformation (von Kármán relations), the flow field equations (PDEs) are transmitted into ODEs. Solutions to these ODEs are constructed via implementation of shooting method (bvp4c). In addition to Entropy generation rate, Bejan number, heat transfer rate (Nusselt number), skin friction and temperature of fluid are examined through involved physical parameters. Axial component of velocity intensifies with increment in nanoparticles volume fraction and ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter while it decays with higher porosity parameter. Higher nanoparticles volume fraction and porosity parameter lead to decay in radial as well as tangential component of velocity. However it enhances with higher ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter. Temperature of fluid directly varies with higher ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter, radiation parameter, Eckert number, Biot number and nanoparticles volume fraction. Rate of Entropy generation is reduced with higher estimations of porosity parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction and radiation parameter. Skin friction coefficient decays with higher porosity parameter and ratio of stretching rate to angular velocity parameter. Intensification in porosity parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction and Biot number leads to higher Nusselt number. Prominent impact is shown by multiple-walled CNTs with gasoline oil basefluid than single-walled CNTs with water basefluid. 相似文献
14.
In this study we analyze the optoelectronic properties and structural characterization of hydrogenated polymorphous silicon thin films as a function of the deposition parameters. The films were grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using a gas mixture of argon (Ar), hydrogen (H2) and dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and Raman measurements confirmed the existence of very different internal structures (crystalline fractions from 12% to 54%) depending on the growth parameters. Variations of as much as one order of magnitude were observed in both the photoconductivity and effective absorption coefficient between the samples deposited with different dichlorosilane/hydrogen flow rate ratios. The optical and transport properties of these films depend strongly on their structural characteristics, in particular the average size and densities of silicon nanocrystals embedded in the amorphous silicon matrix. From these results we propose an intrinsic polymorphous silicon bandgap grading thin film to be applied in a p–i–n junction solar cell structure. The different parts of the solar cell structure were proposed based on the experimental optoelectronic properties of the pm-Si:H thin films studied in this work. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, a model taking into account the effects of carrier loss mechanisms has been developed. The model simulates the photovoltaic properties of the graphene/n-type silicon Schottky barrier solar cells (G/n-Si_SBSC), and it can reproduce the experimentally determined parameters of the G/n-Si_SBSC. To overcome the low efficiencies of G/n-Si_SBSC, their performances have been optimized by modifying the work function of graphene and Si properties, accounted for variation of its thickness and doping level. The obtained results show that the work function of graphene has the major impact on the device performance. Also, the temperature dependence of the G/n-Si_SBSC performance is investigated. 相似文献
16.
Fault detection and isolation in water distribution networks is an active topic due to the nonlinearities of flow propagation and recent increases in data availability due to sensor deployment. Here, we propose an efficient two-step data driven alternative: first, we perform sensor placement taking the network topology into account; second, we use incoming sensor data to build a network model through online dictionary learning. Online learning is fast and allows tackling large networks as it processes small batches of signals at a time. This brings the benefit of continuous integration of new data into the existing network model, either in the beginning for training or in production when new data samples are gathered. The proposed algorithms show good performance in our simulations on both small and large-scale networks. 相似文献
17.
《Egyptian Journal of Petroleum》2015,24(1):19-25
Conventional water-softening processes usually involve the exchange of Na+ ions for Ca2+ and Mg2+ using commercial or synthesized ion exchangers. The differences in chemical compositions of the ooids can be attributed to the formation in different environments. In this paper, ooid grains form inside assembled semi-pilot softening unit through a continuous chemical process involving reaction between bicarbonate ions and added lime using natural seawater. Our sample of Mediterranean seawater has low Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio (1.98%) within the range chemically favorable for precipitation of low-Mg calcite ooids. Precipitation of calcite occurs around pure quartz sand grains which act as nucleation points (the bed required for sand vessel is 1.65 l). The shape of the sand grains controls the overall external morphology of the resulting ooids; they vary in size from 0.5 to 3.0 mm and have a high degree of polish due to surface abrasion caused by continuous agitation inside the softening system. Calcite ooid grains (1.53 kg) formed within the seawater-softening unit every 18 days have many of the ooid features formed in marine environments. Ooids grow to a significant size, at a rate of about 0.17 mm of one layer thickness per day inside the softening unit. The average weight percent of calcite precipitate is 35.48% after 18 days, at 10 °C, 60 l/min and pH 9.0. The pellets comprise mainly CaCO3 and SiO2 and some metal ions which may substitute for calcium ions in calcite are present only in trace amounts of the total composition. 相似文献
18.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(80):39658-39664
Water splitting is an effective way to produce hydrogen to solve the energy crisis problem, and inorganic metal compounds are widely used in electrocatalysis field due to efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we synthesize Ni2V2O7 dandelion microsphere from nickel nitrate and vanadium pentoxide by “one-step hydrothermal” way, which exhibits large specific surface area of 102.74 m2 g−1. The as-prepared Ni2V2O7 microsphere shows good electrocatalysis performances including OER overpotential of 358 mV and good stability, as well as HER overpotential of 195 mV. Furthermore, the Ni2V2O7 microsphere electrode is assembled to Ni2V2O7 microsphere//Ni2V2O7 microsphere system, showing the water splitting voltage of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm−2 by two-electrode method, which is much lower than those of commercial RuO2//Pt/C system and most of spinel oxides electrocatalysts. Our work opens up a new and facile avenue for fabricating inorganic microsphere electrocatalyst in hydrogen production field. 相似文献
19.
Hoang V. Le Phuong T. Pham Ly T. Le Anh D. Nguyen Ngoc Quang Tran Phong D. Tran 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(44):22852-22863
WO3 is a potential material candidate for construction of photoanode for solar driven water splitting. In this work, μm-thick porous WO3 photoanode is prepared by depositing a stable ink made of WO3 nanoparticles and Aristoflex velvet polymer in water using the doctor blade technique, followed by a sintering in air. The nature of WO3 nanoparticles, its loading mass on F-doped tin oxide electrode as well as sintering temperature are examined in order to optimize the photocatalytic activity of the resultant WO3 photoanode. The operation of WO3 photoanode is investigated by varying the light illumination direction and light incident intensity as well as changing the nature of the electrolyte. Dissolved tungsten in electrolyte is quantified by ICP-MS providing insights into the influences of electrolyte nature and operating conditions to the corrosion of WO3. It is proposed that the H2O2 and OH. radical generated as by-products of the photo-driven water oxidation on the photoanode surface are harmful species that accelerate the dissolution of WO3. 相似文献
20.
Previous experimental results indicate that the humidification conditions at the anode have an impact on the liquid water distribution in the cathode gas diffusion layer. Numerical simulations are developed to reproduce and analyze this effect. Results consistent with the experimental results are first obtained by playing with the partition coefficients of an advanced pore network model computing the liquid water formation and transfer in the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) for a large range of operating conditions. Then, a model for the full anode – cathode assembly is developed by combining the pore network model of the cathode GDL and a 1D model describing the heat and water transfer in the various components of the anode-cathode assembly. This enables one to generalize the dry – wet regime diagram introduced in a previous work by incorporating the effect of the humidity condition at the anode. 相似文献