Voltage Decay of Li-Rich Layered Oxides: Mechanism,Modification Strategies,and Perspectives

Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) have been considered as the most promising cathode materials for achieving high energy density Li-ion batteries. However, they suffer from continuous voltage decay during cycling, which seriously shortens the lifespan of the battery in practical applications. This review comprehensively elaborates and summarizes the state-of-the-art of the research in this field. It is started from the proposed mechanism of voltage decay that refers to the phase transition, microscopic defects, and oxygen redox or release. Furthermore, several strategies to mitigate the voltage decay of LLOs from different scales, such as surface modification, elemental doping, regulation of components, control of defect, and morphology design are summarized. Finally, a systematic outlook on the real root of voltage decay is provided, and more importantly, a potential solution to voltage recovery from electrochemistry. Based on this progress, some effective strategies with multiple scales will be feasible to create the conditions for their commercialization in the future.     

Analytics of learning tactics and strategies in an online learnersourcing environment

Background

The use of crowdsourcing in a pedagogically supported form to partner with learners in developing novel content is emerging as a viable approach for engaging students in higher-order learning at scale. However, how students behave in this form of crowdsourcing, referred to as learnersourcing, is still insufficiently explored.

Objectives

To contribute to filling this gap, this study explores how students engage with learnersourcing tasks across a range of course and assessment designs.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory study on trace data of 1279 students across three courses, originating from the use of a learnersourcing environment under different assessment designs. We employed a new methodology from the learning analytics (LA) field that aims to represent students' behaviour through two theoretically-derived latent constructs: learning tactics and the learning strategies built upon them.

Results

The study's results demonstrate students use different tactics and strategies, highlight the association of learnersourcing contexts with the identified learning tactics and strategies, indicate a significant association between the strategies and performance and contribute to the employed method's generalisability by applying it to a new context.

Implications

This study provides an example of how learning analytics methods can be employed towards the development of effective learnersourcing systems and, more broadly, technological educational solutions that support learner-centred and data-driven learning at scale. Findings should inform best practices for integrating learnersourcing activities into course design and shed light on the relevance of tactics and strategies to support teachers in making informed pedagogical decisions.     

A survey: When moving target defense meets game theory

Moving target defense (MTD) can break through asymmetry between attackers and defenders. To improve the effectiveness of cybersecurity defense techniques, defense requires not only advanced and practical defense technologies but effective, scientific decision-making methods. Due to complex attacker–defender interaction, autonomous, automatic, accurate, and effective selection of the optimal strategy is a challenging topic in the field of MTD. The essence of cybersecurity lies in the interaction between the attacker and defender. Game theory is a useful mathematical tool for strategy selection in a competitive environment. It provides strong theoretical support for the analysis of cyberattack and defense behaviors and subsequent decision-making, and can significantly improve the decision-making ability of MTD. This study presents the basic concepts of MTD and game theory, followed by a literature review, to study MTD decision-making methods based on game theory from the dimensions of space, time, space–time, and bounded rationality. Limitations of MTD game decision-making studies are discussed, as well as research directions, to provide references for future research.     

Determinants of internal and external R&D offshoring: evidence from Spanish firms

This paper analyses the determinants of R&D offshoring of Spanish firms using information from the Panel of Technological Innovation. We find that being an exporter, international technological cooperation, continuous R&D engagement, applying for patents, being a foreign subsidiary, and firm size are factors that positively affect the decision to offshore R&D. In addition, we find that a lack of financing is an obstacle relatively more important for independent firms than for firms that belong to business groups. For these latter, we also obtain that the factors that influence the decision to offshore R&D differ depending on whether the firm purchases the R&D services within the group or through the market: a higher degree of importance assigned to internal sources of information for innovation as compared to market sources increases (decreases) the probability of R&D offshoring only through the group (market).     

面向80后的智能床设计策略

目的对25~35岁使用人群的智能床设计原则与设计策略进行研究,使产品顺应人的生活方式和行为习惯,为智能产品与传统家居产品的结合提供思路。方法通过用户旅程图、接触点分析以及问卷访谈等进行行为和需求分析,结合用户体验设计、交互设计理论与方法,形成以80后用户群体为目标的智能床设计原则和设计策略。结论通过深入的用户分析,得到智能床的设计原则和设计策略,能够为这种新兴的产品设计提供基本的参考,便于用户更快更好地接受和使用产品。     

Skin layer of A380 aluminium alloy die castings and its blistering during solution treatment

Skin layer is a characteristic microstructure of aluminium die castings, which would effect the surface blistering during solution treatment. In this study, the microstructures of skin layer were investigated by the methods of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). High resolution X-ray CT was used to compare the skin layer with normal surface before and after solution treatment. With the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the formation mechanism of the skin layer was discussed based on microstructure distribution, solute segregation, porosity distribution and surface blistering. The results suggested that the skin layer is related to a succession of complex processes before the filling process finished. Pore clusters or laminar defects would be formed in skin layers during solution treatment and cause severe surface blistering.     

网络改变教与学

因评价体系的导向所致,国内重点院校计算机专业教师在教学投入上严重不足,并导致教育质量不高。针对该问题,本文结合7年的教学实践和分析总结,提出累加式考核、抄袭问题对策、交互式课堂、考试作为学习过程等系列颇具成效的建设性解决方案。这些方案只有在网络支撑下才能有效实施。教学结果表明,依靠网络的力量,不仅能节省教师的时间和精力,而且能促进学生主动学习,显著提升教学质量。     

“编译原理”全英文授课模式探索

计算思维和英语思维是计算机专业学生专业化和国际化应具备的必要素质,然而目前还缺乏一套切实可行、行之有效的素质教育操作办法和模式。文章从计算思维和元认知策略的理论出发,探索编译原理的全英文授课模式,提出普通高校学生在计算机专业课中开展全英文授课的教学思想和教学方法,并指出运用元知识策略提高非英文专业学生的学习兴趣,使其形成强烈的学习动机、培养学生的自主学习能力。文章还讨论了词汇策略和英语思维,例举一些实践案例,最后提出一些尚待研究的问题。