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71.
72.
介绍高强度、大直径、低松弛预应力钢丝用高碳钢盘条在标准型斯太尔摩控制冷却线的生产实践。内容包括作业线概况、原料准备、工艺制度及实际结果和分析。 相似文献
73.
Rust layers formed on steel sheet piles immersed 1 m above the mud line for 25 years were analysed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and elemental X-ray mappings (Fe, S, O). They consist of three main strata, the inner one mainly composed of magnetite, the intermediate one of iron(III) oxyhydroxides and the outer one of hydroxysulphate green rust GR(SO42−). Simulations of GRs formation in solutions having large [Cl−]/[SO42−] ratios revealed that the hydroxysulphate GR(SO42−) was obtained instead of the hydroxychloride GR(Cl−), as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy analyses. Measurements of the [S], [Fe] and [Cl] concentrations allowed us to establish that GR(SO42−) formed along with a drastic impoverishment of the solution in sulphate ions; the [Cl−]/[SO42−] ratio increased from 12 to 240. The GR, acting like a “sulphate pump”, may favour the colonisation of the rust layers by sulphate reducing bacteria. 相似文献
74.
The short term (∼100 h) oxidation behaviour of the 9%Cr steel P91 was studied at 650 °C in N2-O2-H2O gas mixtures containing a relatively low oxygen level of 1%. The oxidation kinetics were measured thermogravimetrically and the oxide scale growth mechanisms were studied using H218O-tracer with subsequent analyses of oxide scale composition and tracer distribution by MCs+-SIMS depth profiling. The corrosion products were additionally characterised by light optical microscopy, SEM-EDX and XRD. It was found that the transition from protective, Cr-rich oxide formation into non-protective mixed oxide scales is governed by the ratio H2O(g)/O2 ratio rather than the absolute level of H2O(g). The results of the tracer studies in combination with the data obtained from experiments involving in situ gas changes clearly illustrated that under the prevailing conditions the penetration of water vapour molecules triggers the enhanced oxidation and sustains the high growth rates of the poorly protective Fe-rich oxide scale formed in atmospheres with high H2O(g)/O2 ratios. The experimental observations can be explained if one assumes the scale growth to be governed by a competitive adsorption of oxygen and water vapour molecules on external and internal surfaces of the oxide scales in combination with the formation of a volatile Fe-hydroxide during transient oxidation. The formation of the non-protective Fe-rich oxide scales is suppressed in atmospheres with low H2O(g)/O2 -ratios, and the healing of any such scale is promoted. 相似文献
75.
The corrosion inhibition of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulphuric acid in the presence of o-phenanthroline and sodium chloride (NaCl) has been investigated by using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The experimental data suggest that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing NaCl concentration in the presence of 0.0002 M o-phenanthroline, but decreases with increasing temperature. A synergistic effect is observed when o-phenanthroline and chloride ions are used together to prevent cold rolled steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulphuric acid. The polarization curves showed that the complex of o-phenanthroline and NaCl acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The experimental results suggested that the presence of chloride ions in the solution stabilized the adsorption of o-phenanthroline molecules on the metal surface and improved the inhibition efficiency of o-phenanthroline. The adsorption of the complex accords with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy have been calculated by employing thermodynamic equations. Kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor have been calculated and discussed. 相似文献
76.
5Cr21Mn9Ni4WNb2N奥氏体耐热钢晶界碳化物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
5Cr21Mn_9Ni_4WNb_2N耐热钢锻造后在1200℃以上加热时,NbC聚集成大块,在1200℃以下加热时,NbC薄膜(片)的析出倾向随加热温度降低而增大,1130℃及其以下加热时,粒状和细片状M_(23)C_6随加热温度降低而增多,而且NbC块可作为碳源退化成M_(23)C_6颗粒,过高或过低温度的锻造加热,因晶界NbC块过大或晶界NbC薄膜(片)过多而不利于锻造加工。 相似文献
77.
Calculated hardenability for improved consistency of properties in heat treatable engineering steels
W. T. Cook P. F. Morris L Woollard 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》1997,6(4):443-448
Hardenability is one of the most important parameters controlling the heat treated properties of engineering steels. It affects
the consistency of response for microstructure, hardness, strength, toughness, and dimensional change (distortion). This study
illustrates that a major benefit of controlling hardenability is improving the consistency of dimensional distortion resulting
from heat treatment. To facilitate the supply of steels to hardenability limits, especially restricted hardenability, a new
technique was developed for the prediction of Jominy hardenability from chemical composition. The technique, termed the “Database
Method,” uses measured Jominy hardenability and chemical composition data, contained in a database, to calculate the hardenability
for a query composition. Using up to ten known steels, selected from the database with compositions closely matching that
of the query steel, a small adjustment is made to the measured hardenability of each known steel allowing for the small difference
in composition between the query and chosen steel. The final calculated result for the query steel is taken as the average
of the various estimates. The basis of the Database Method is explained, and the advantages are illustrated for selecting
engineering grades. 相似文献
78.
变质处理和电磁搅拌是改善钢铁材料组织和性能的重要手段,综述了在高速钢领域变质处理和电磁搅拌的研究现状和进展,表明采用这一工艺技术,将为生产较廉价的高性能铸造高碳高速钢轧辊提供途径,为此还提出今后研究的方向。 相似文献
79.
80.
A model based on deterministic equations with statistically distributed input parameters has been developed for simulating the evolution of the pit depth distribution at different exposure times and the percentage of pits that transform to stress corrosion cracks. The model has been applied to the specific case of steam turbine disc steel exposed to a range of environments under applied stress. With preliminary fitting at one exposure time, the simulation not only reflects the trends in the experimental measurement but also the model, uniquely, reproduces the statistical variability or “noise” associated with the measurements. 相似文献