Growth and formation mechanism of sea urchin-like ZnO nanostructures on Si

Sea urchin-like nanostructures of ZnO consisting of ZnO nanowires with blunt faceted ends were grown on Si (100) substrates by oxidation of metallic Zn at 600 °C. ZnO nanowires having a diameter of 30–60 nm and length of 2–4 Μm were in similar shape with uniform diameter along its entire length with well faceted blunt ends. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the as-grown nanostructures were highly crystalline with wurtzite hexagonal structure having lattice constants of a=b=3.25 å and c=5.21 å. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed a weak near band-edge emission at 380 nm, but a strong green emission at 500–530 nm. A model for vapor-solid (VS) growth mechanism of ZnO nanowires was presented, in which nucleation of ZnO is crucial for the growth of the nanostructures.     

Laplacian group sparse modeling of human actions

Recently, many local-feature based methods have been proposed for feature learning to obtain a better high-level representation of human behavior. Most of the previous research ignores the structural information existing among local features in the same video sequences, while it is an important clue to distinguish ambiguous actions. To address this issue, we propose a Laplacian group sparse coding for human behavior representation. Unlike traditional methods such as sparse coding, our approach prefers to encode a group of relevant features simultaneously and meanwhile allow as less atoms as possible to participate in the approximation so that video-level sparsity is guaranteed. By incorporating Laplacian regularization the method is capable to ensure the similar approximation of closely related local features and the structural information is successfully preserved. Thus, a compact but discriminative human behavior representation is achieved. Besides, the objective of our model is solved with a closed-form solution, which reduces the computational cost significantly. Promising results on several popular benchmark datasets prove the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.     

Structural optimization strategies to design green products

This paper addresses the need for a structured approach to environmental assessment and improvement. We propose a computer-aided methodology, named Eco-OptiCAD, based on the integration of Structural Optimization and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools. Eco-OptiCAD supports the designer during product development, highlighting when and where the core of the environmental impact lies. Furthermore, it provides effective tools to address such impacts, improving the original product, while ensuring structural and functional requirements. It foresees the synergic use of (1) virtual prototyping tools, such as 3D CAD, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Structural optimization, (2) function modeling methodology and (3) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools. The kernel of the methodology is constituted by a set of optimization strategies and a module, named Life Cycle Mapping (LCM). In particular, we have conceived ten optimization strategies converting environmental objectives and constraints into structural and geometrical parameters. They enable the designer to generate alternative green scenarios according to the triad shape–material–production. The LCM tool has been specifically developed to easily trace the growth of environmental impacts throughout the product's life cycle and allow the user to focus his effort on the most relevant aspects. Thanks to the integration of the structural optimizer with an LCA map, the designer becomes aware of the consequences that each change in the geometry, the material or the manufacturing process will produce on the environmental impact of the product throughout its life cycle. With a complete view of the product life cycle, the designer can improve a single phase, while retaining a global perspective; thus avoiding the possibility of gaining a local green improvement at the cost of a global increase in environmental impacts.     

我国复合材料风机叶片的几种制造工艺与发展前景

本文综合叙述了复合材料风机叶片的优势与发展前景，重点介绍了复合材料叶片的几种生产工艺方法和关键制造技术。     

合成氨装置铜洗塔的技术改造

针对铜洗塔存在吸收液循环量不足等缺点,对其内件如填料、液体初始分布器和液体收集再 分布器等进行了技术改造。改造后,铜洗塔的生产能力提高20％以上。     

Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of carbon-nickel composite thin films

Carbon-nickel composite thin films (600 nm thick) were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering of Ni and C at several temperatures (25-800 °C) on oxidized silicon substrates. By transmission electron microscopy it was found that the composite consisted of Ni (or Ni₃C) nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix. The metallic nanoparticles were shaped in the form of globular grains or nanowires (of the aspect ratio as high as 1:60 in the sample prepared at 200 °C). The carbon matrix was amorphous, or graphite-like depending on deposition temperature. At low deposition temperatures T_S (25-400 °C) the Ni₃C nanoparticles were of hcp phase. Samples prepared at T_S ? 600 °C contained ferromagnetic fcc Ni nanoparticles. A correlation was found between the structural, electrical and magnetic properties of the composites. To characterise the films, dependences, such as resistivity vs. temperature, current vs. voltage, differential conductivity vs. bias voltage, and magnetoresistivity, were determined. For example, the tunneling effect was found in samples in which the metallic nanoparticles were separated by 2-3 nm thick amorphous carbon. When the metallic nanoparticles were connected by graphite-like carbon regions (having a metallic conductivity, in contrast to a-C), the temperature coefficient of the resistivity became slightly positive. An anisotropic magnetoresistivity of ∼0.1% was found in the sample that contained ferromagnetic columnar fcc Ni. Zero magnetoresistivity was found in the sample in which the metallic nanoparticles were of non-magnetic hcp phase.     

A comparison of concentration-glasses and temperature-hyperquenched glasses: CO2-formed glass versus temperature-formed glass

Prior work from this laboratory has reported anomalous differences in the viscoelastic responses between temperature-jump formed glasses and carbon dioxide pressure-jump or relative humidity formed glasses. In the present work, we investigate the anomalous behaviour further by examining the structural response of an epoxy resin after pre-annealing treatments. In particular, we have measured the volume change of amine-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A after thermal and carbon dioxide pressure (PCO₂) treatments. Our results show that contrary to prior interpretations in the literature, a plasticizer quench is different from a temperature hyperquench. Consistent with our prior work, the CO₂-formed glass is more stable than the temperature-formed glass in spite of the former having a higher excess volume. Our new results show that the stability persists to above the nominal glass temperature, contrary to what happens in a temperature hyperquench.     

Structural characterization of Ti centres in Ti-silicalite and reaction mechanisms in cyclohexanone ammoximation

The main results obtained by means of many physical methods (IR, Raman, UV-Vis and XAFS spectroscopies) concerning the structure of the Ti centre in titanium silicalite and the reaction intermediates in the ammoximation of cyclohexanone are concisely reviewed.

The Ti is in tetrahedral coordination in vacuo and expands its coordination sphere upon interaction with adsorbates. In the presence of H₂O and H₂O/H₂O₂ solutions one of the SiOTi bridges is hydrolyzed with formation of (SiO)₃L₂TiOH (LH₂O) and (SiO)₃L₂TiOOH species, respectively. When NH₃ is dosed on (SiO)₃L₂TiOOH structures (SiO)₃L₂TiOO⁻NH₄⁺ species are formed. These species are thought to play an important role in the ammoximation reaction. The geometries of the peroxidic species (open or bridged) are discussed also on the basis of ab initio calculations.     

PVC/NE复合材料的结构流变学及力学性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚氯乙烯/霞石复合材料(PVC/NE),并测试了其形态、结构流变学和力学性能。结果表明,NE用量存在最佳值,用量过多对复合材料介观结构的贡献不大;NE均匀分散在PVC基体中,且用量约为50phr时,复合材料的冲击强度和表面硬度最佳。     

《结构力学》课程体系设置之探讨

在新形势下,为培养适应社会需求的人才和造就优秀的土木工程师,结构力学作为一门重要的专业基础课,其课程体系的设置不仅需要将原有的内容按照一定的主线进行删减和整合,而且需要注入新的内容,比如大量工程实例、结构分析程序、定性结构力学等。