Oxidation of porous nanocrystalline titanium nitride. II. Scale structure and composition

We have used x-ray phase analysis to study the composition of the products of reaction between oxygen and nanocrystalline powders with particle sizes 15, 40, 55, and 80 nm, and also specimens pressed (and sintered) from them. The powders were oxidized in air at 100°C (400 h) to 500°C (5 min), while the sintered specimens were oxidized at 600–900°C for 15, 120, and 240 min. In all cases, in the initial oxidation step the oxynitride Ti(O_xN_y) is formed, which over time is oxidized to TiO, Ti₂O₃, Ti₃O₅, TiO₂ (anatase) and TiO₂ (rutile). In the range 600–800°C, formation of a continuous oxide layer and conversion of anatase to rutile slows down diffusion of oxygen in the scale. We have established that at 900°C, the growth rate of the scale thickness increases and so the reflections from the oxynitride are barely noticeable on the diffraction patterns taken from the surface of the oxidized specimen. In these diffraction patterns, along with strong reflections from the rutile, we also observed weak reflections from lower oxides and anatase, which may be due to reaction between oxygen and the titanium ions diffused to the scale surface. We have concluded that at T > 850°C, the mechanism for oxidation of TiN changes. This is due to superposition of counterdiffusion of titanium ions on the diffusion of oxygen. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4(448), pp. 72–78, March–April, 2006.     

A limit analysis of nonlinear elastic lateral displacements of thin-walled reinforced and prestressed beams

An incremental iterative process based on direct energy minimization is presented for a limit analysis of nonlinear elastic lateral displacements and twists of reinforced and prestressed beams. Problems encountered with the constitutive relations are discussed and two possible material models are presented.     

Minimum spanning trees made easier via multi-objective optimization

Many real-world problems are multi-objective optimization problems and evolutionary algorithms are quite successful on such problems. Since the task is to compute or approximate the Pareto front, multi-objective optimization problems are considered as more difficult than single-objective problems. One should not forget that the fitness vector with respect to more than one objective contains more information that in principle can direct the search of evolutionary algorithms. Therefore, it is possible that a single-objective problem can be solved more efficiently via a generalized multi-objective model of the problem. That this is indeed the case is proved by investigating the computation of minimum spanning trees.This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Collaborative Research Center Computational Intelligence (SFB 531) and by the German-Israeli Foundation (GIF) in the project Robustness Aspects of Algorithms.     

巯基棉预浓集—中子活化法测定水泥及其浸出水中的微量汞

在不同酸度下巯基棉可以从溶液中富集和分离Au、As、Ag、Br、Cu、Ca Co、InHg、Ni、Se、Sb、Sn、Pb、W、Fe和In等30多种元素。由于用巯基棉吸附待测元素后不必洗脱,因此大大提高了富集能力,可用于海水、地下水、地表水及工业废水中一些元素的测量。本文用巯基棉富集后进行中子活化分析测定水泥及其浸出水中的汞。     

莱钢职业安全健康动态监控信息系统的建立及运行分析

以网络技术和信息技术为依托，建立职业安全健康动态监控信息系统，进行职业安全健康管理的监控和预警，提高安全管理的现代化水平。     

热轧带肋钢筋屈服不明显原因分析与探讨

针对涟钢热轧带肋钢筋的屈服不明显现象，从金属的金相组织、人工时效、自然时效、测试方法等方面着手，寻求各因素对钢筋力学性能的影响，并阐述了该异常组织的形成机理及相关因素，指出魏氏体、粒状贝氏体等的存在是造成带肋钢筋性能异常的主要原因，同时对部分屈服不明显的带肋钢筋判定提供了较为科学的依据。     

静态电子轨道衡组成部分解析及其合理选择

阐述静态电子轨道衡诸多优点;工作原理、允许误差及误差分配;轨道衡的结构组成部分、解析各部分的工作特性及技术指标要求;合理选配及推荐实例.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERI- MENT OF UNSTEADY THERMAL FIELD OF ROTOR PLATE FOR EDDY CURRENT RETARDER

The physical model based on heat transfer theory and virtual boundary method for analyzing unsteady thermal field of rotor plate for eddy current retarder used in automobile is established and boundary conditions are also defined. The finite element governing equation is derived by Galerkin method. The time differential item is discrete based on Galerkin format that is stable at any condition. And a new style of varying time step method is used in iteration process. The thermal field on the rotor plate at the radial and axle directions is analyzed and varying temperature at appointed points on two side-surfaces is measured. The testing and analytical data are uniform approximately. Finite element method can be used for estimating thermal field of the rotor plate at initial design stage of eddy current retarder.     

Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks in the presence of exposed terminals

The paper evaluates the performance effects of exposed terminals in IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks in finite load conditions. It derives analytical models for the estimation of channel utilization and media access delay for IEEE 802.11 ad hoc networks in finite load conditions with and without exposed terminals. The simulation results show that the analytical estimated channel utilization and media access delay metrics are fairly accurate.     

二次盐水及离子膜电解工序常见问题简析

介绍了二次盐水及离子膜电解工序的主要设备和流程,对二次盐水及离子膜电解工序运行中出现的问题进行了分析,并提出了解决措施。