对苯二甲酸加氢精制钯炭催化剂硫中毒原因初探

通过在实验室中进行对苯二甲酸加氢精制钯炭催化剂的硫中毒试验,初步探讨了钯炭催化剂在对苯二甲酸加氢精制反应过程中发生硫中毒的可能原因和机理。     

Pyrolysis of vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber via ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation

Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is widely used in tires in the automotive segment and vulcanization using sulfur is a common process to enhance its mechanical properties. However, the addition of sulfur as the cross-linking agent usually results in impurities in pyrolysis products during rubber recycling, and thus the desulfurization during tire pyrolysis attracts much attention. In this work, the pyrolysis of vulcanized SBR is studied in detail with the help of ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation. A series of crosslinked SBR models were built with different sulfur contents and densities. The following ReaxFF MD simulations were performed to show products distributions at different pyrolysis conditions. The simulation results show that sulfur products distribution is mainly controlled by sulfur contents and temperatures. The reaction mechanism is proposed based on the analysis of sulfur products conversion pathway, where most sulfur atoms are bonded with hydrocarbon radicals and the rest transfer to H₂S. High sulfur contents tend to the formation of elemental sulfur intermediate, and temperature increase facilitates the release of H₂S.     

Removal of sulfur compounds from utility pipelined synthetic natural gas using modified activated carbons

Synthetic natural gas (SNG), which is produced from petroleum and distributed via pipeline in Honolulu by The Gas Company, was analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (GC/SCD). Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methyl mercaptan (MM), ethyl mercaptan (EM), dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), tetrahydrothiophene (THT), ethyl disulfide (EDS), and one unidentified compound (UN1) were detected. Among these sulfur compounds, THT is added as an odorant and was present in the highest concentration.A commercial activated carbon (Calgon OLC plus 12X30) was modified by oxidation and impregnation methods and the resulting materials were evaluated for their ability to adsorb sulfur compounds present in SNG. The evaluation results indicate that all of the modification methods can improve the retention of individual sulfur compounds or the total sulfur capacity compared with the untreated virgin carbon. It is also found that activated carbons impregnated with metal impurities have different selectivity for sulfur compounds. Cu and Zn loaded carbons had the highest capacity for H₂S removal, Fe loaded carbon was more efficient for DMS removal (the most difficult S compound to remove), and carbon oxidized by HNO₃ was the best for THT removal.Based on these findings, a composite sorbent consisting of Cu loaded and Fe loaded carbons was designed and tested. The test results indicate that the composite sorbent had improved performance in the removal of individual sulfur compound. A linear programming model was used to design a composite sorbent optimized to minimize the required sorbent mass based on a 1-kW scale fuel cell system service target. Validation tests showed that the optimized sorbent required less of the individual modified carbon components than when they were individually used for the same sulfur removal target.     

四川省土壤有效硫状况及硫肥效应研究

通过对四川省 6类 32 9个土壤样品的有效硫的分析 ,结果表明缺硫及潜在性缺硫土样占总样本的 2 3 1 % .但结合田间试验 ,在四川盆地特定环境条件下 ,即使土壤耕层有效硫处于缺乏范围 ,增施硫肥对玉米、小麦、油菜产量无明显增加 ,并就产生的原因作了初步分析 .通过对土壤硫素平衡的测算 ,预测在近期内 ,四川盆地主要农耕地不会发生大面积缺硫问题     

轻质石油产品硫含量测试方法研究与评价

随着汽车尾气排放标准越来越严格,要求汽车燃料汽、柴油中的硫含量越来越低。作为硫含量测定的仲裁试验方法,石油产品硫含量测定法-燃灯法由于检出限达不到要求,将不再适用。通过对微库仑法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)法测试硫含量进行研究,得出结论:微库仑法和ICP-AES法均适用于测试轻质石油产品中的微量硫含量,两种方法测试结果一致性很好;ICP-AES法测试精密度相对较高,检出限低。     

腐蚀性硫导致变压器故障的综合分析及处理

分析了油中有腐蚀性硫造成变压器故障的原因,并提出了改进措施.     

三江平原小叶樟湿地植物-土壤系统中硫素分布及季节变化动态

选择三江平原小叶樟湿地为研究对象,在生长季逐月采集土壤和植物样品,测定和分析植物-土壤系统硫素分布特征和季节动态,结果表明在生长季小叶樟植物体不同器官总硫含量存在差异,表现为根>叶>叶鞘>茎,这种分布和植物各器官的功能相一致。植物各器官总硫含量均具有季节变化特征,地上各器官总硫含量在生长季内均单调下降。根中总硫含量呈波动性变化,这种变化与植物的生长节律相一致,根中总硫含量明显高于植物地上各器官总硫的含量,即根是硫的重要储库。小叶樟湿地土壤总硫和有效硫含量具有明显的分层性,即沿着剖面由上到下逐渐降低,这种变化和土壤有机质的分布密切相关。不同层次土壤总硫、有效硫含量均具有明显的季节变化,其中植物的生长过程是影响这种变化的主要因素。     

Bacterial Kinetics of Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria and Their Biodeterioration Rates of Concrete Sewer Pipe Samples

The importance of bacteria in catalyzing microbially induced concrete corrosion was evaluated. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum pH and growth kinetics of four selected bacterial strains (Thiobacillus neapolitanus C2, Thiobacillus thioparus H1, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, and Acidiphilium cryptum LHET2). Combinations of these strains were inoculated into flasks containing ～ 42?g concrete blocks half-submerged in 600 mL of synthetic wastewater with hydrogen sulfide in the headspace air. Controls not inoculated with bacteria lost 0–3 mg/g concrete over 227 days; in the aqueous phase the minimum pH was 6–6.7 and 19–23 mg of calcium/g concrete was released. Systems inoculated with two species of neutrophilic sulfur oxidizing microorganisms (SOM) lost 8 mg/g concrete; in the aqueous phase the minimum pH was 4.5 and 25 mg of calcium/g concrete was released. The concrete samples incubated with neutrophilic and acidophilic SOM and an acidophilic heterotroph experienced the greatest deterioration, with a total mass loss of 13 mg/g concrete, minimum aqueous pH of 3.0, 28 mg calcium/g concrete released, and 47 mg sulfate/g concrete produced.     

红土镍矿电炉熔炼提取镍铁合金的研究

采用电炉直接还原熔炼工艺从红土镍矿中提取镍铁合金,研究了还原剂(焦粉)和熔剂(石灰石)配比对合金中镍品位、金属回收率及硫、磷在渣和合金中分配比(LS,LP)的影响及行为。综合考虑镍铁合金中镍的品位和金属回收率,试验确定了最佳熔炼条件:焦粉配比11%,熔剂配比11%。在最佳条件下,合金中镍品位为22.8%,镍回收率达97.6%,LS,LP分别为0.024和0.145。     

基于P89C668单片机的智能定硫仪系统设计

该仪器根据GB214-2007《煤中全硫的测定方法》库仑滴定法原理设计,全部测试过程采用单片机自动控制,系统主要侧重于电路简单、系统抗干扰能力强、测硫精度高和控制温度科学等方面的研制。该方法与目前采用的艾士卡重量分析法和高温燃烧中和法相比具有测定迅速、结果准确的优点。