Thermoresponsive poly(oligo ethylene glycol acrylates)

Thermoresponsive polymers have been the subject of numerous publications and research topics in the last few decades mostly driven by their easily controllable temperature stimulus and high potential for in vitro and in vivo applications. P(NIPAAm) is the most studied amongst these polymers, but recently other types of polymers are increasingly being investigated for their thermoresponsive behavior. In particular, polymers bearing a short oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) side chain have been shown to combine the biocompatibility of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a versatile and controllable LCST behavior. These polymers can be synthesized via controlled radical polymerization techniques from various monomers consisting of an OEG chain and a polymerizable group like a (meth)acrylate, styrene or acrylamide. OEG acrylates offer significant advantages over, e.g., OEG methacrylates as the lower hydrophilicity of the backbone facilitates thermoresponsive behavior with smaller, more defined side chains. Furthermore, PEG acrylates can be polymerized using all major controlled radical polymerization techniques, unlike OEG methacrylates. This review will focus on OEG acrylate based (co)polymers and will provide a comprehensive overview of their reported thermoresponsive properties. The combination and comparison of this data will not only highlight the potential of these monomers, but will also serve as a starting point for future studies.     

食品中的反式脂肪酸

介绍了反式脂肪酸的结构性质、来源、危害、检测方法、应对措施和各国对反式脂肪酸的标示规定，以期引起国人对反式脂肪酸的足够重视，为国内开展反式脂肪酸研究提供必要的参考．     

酸性低共熔溶剂四乙基氯化铵/三氟乙酸高效催化氧化脱除模拟油中的硫化物

将适量四乙基氯化铵（TEAC）和三氟乙酸（TFA）通过简单搅拌加热（70℃）的方式合成一系列新型低共熔溶剂TEAC/nTFA（n=0.5,1,1.5,2）,并对其结构进行红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征分析。以TEAC/nTFA为催化剂和萃取剂,H₂O₂为氧化剂研究其对模拟油中硫化物的脱除效果。并考察了n_（TEAC（/n_（TFA（、温度、O/S、不同硫化物等反应条件对脱硫效率的影响。在最佳反应条件下,TEAC/TFA对二苯并噻吩（DBT（,苯并噻吩（BT（和噻吩（TH（的脱除率分别达到95.4%,56.2%和23.4%。基于一级动力学和Arrhenius方程,估算出氧化脱除DBT所需的活化能约为56.8 kJ·mol^-1。反应活化能较低,氧化反应较易进行。TEAC/TFA回收利用5次之后活性无明显降低。     

基于控制IC的低压照明电子变压器

介绍了电子变压器的特点,详细叙述了基于控制IC的低压照明电子变压器电路组成和工作原理。     

"干放"工作电平及技术指标裕量与"干放"级联数的关系分析

对“干放”最小输出电平、最大输出电平和输出电平工作裕量与“干放”级联数的关系进行分析，得出“干放”实际最大级联数的求法。对“干放”在最佳输出工作电平时的干线技术参数及其指标裕量与“干放”输出电平工作裕量及“干放”级联数的关系进行较为详细的分析、计算与研究。     

Effect of the feeding system on intramuscular fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers of beef cattle,with emphasis on their nutritional value and discriminatory ability

Thirty two Alentejano purebred bulls were used to investigate the effect of four feeding systems (pasture only, pasture feeding followed by 2 or 4 months of finishing on concentrate, and concentrate only) on meat fatty acid composition (GC-FID), including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric distribution (Ag[+]–HPLC–DAD). In addition, meat fatty acids and CLA isomers were used to elucidate the impact of the different feeding regimens on the nutritional value of intramuscular fat and their usefulness as chemical discriminators of meat origin. The diet had a major impact on the fatty acid composition of beef (affected 27 of 36 fatty acids and 10 of 14 CLA isomers), which was independent of the fatty acid concentration. Beef fat from pasture-fed animals had a higher nutritional quality relative to that from concentrate-fed bulls. Finally, meat fatty acid composition was an effective parameter to discriminate between ruminant feeding systems, including different finishing periods on concentrate.     

食品中反式脂肪酸的研究进展

综述了反式脂肪酸的定义、来源及对人体的危害,详细介绍了红外光谱法、色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法等反式脂肪酸含量的检测方法,并从氢化技术、油脂精炼技术、交酯化反应及基因改良技术等方面介绍了减少油脂加工中反式脂肪酸产生的措施。     

Effect of cooking methods on fatty acids,conjugated isomers of linoleic acid and nutritional quality of beef intramuscular fat

The effect of boiling, microwaving and grilling on the composition and nutritional quality of beef intramuscular fat from cattle fed with two diets was investigated. Longissimus lumborum muscle from 15 Alentejano young bulls fed on concentrate or pasture was analyzed. Cooking losses and, consequently, total lipids, increased directly with the cooking time and internal temperature reached by meat (microwaving > boiling > grilling). The major changes in fatty acid composition, which implicated 16 out of 34 fatty acids, resulted in higher percentages in cooked beef of SFA and MUFA and lower proportions of PUFA, relative to raw meat, while conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers revealed a great stability to thermal processes. Heating decreased the PUFA/SFA ratio of meat but did not change its n−6/n−3 index. Thermal procedures induced only slight oxidative changes in meat immediately after treatment but hardly affected the true retention values of its individual fatty acids (72–168%), including CLA isomers (81–128%).     

Neural mechanisms behind semantic congruity of construction safety signs: An EEG investigation on construction workers

Accurate comprehension of safety signs plays a critical part in warning construction workers of potential work hazards. However, existing studies have rarely investigated construction workers' comprehension of safety signs at construction sites. Moreover, existing evaluation methods are generally based on subjective behavior tests, questionnaires, and interviews. Therefore, this study examined the effects of semantic congruity on the comprehension of safety signs, including two sign types (prohibition vs. warning signs) and two conditions (semantic congruence vs. incongruence), combining event-related potentials and time-frequency analysis measurements. Adopting the S1-S2 paradigm, electroencephalogram data were recorded when participants decided whether S1 and S2 were semantically congruent or not. Results showed that the semantically incongruent safety sign-word pairs elicited larger N400 amplitudes and increased theta (3–8 Hz) power in 300–420 ms. The amplitude of N400 in the semantically incongruent condition of the warning sign-word pairs was more negative than that for the prohibition sign-word pairs, while there were no significant differences between the prohibition and warning sign-word pairs in the semantically congruent condition. A greater late positive potential (LPP) (550–750 ms) was also elicited in the semantically incongruent safety sign-word pairs, which was different from previous studies that observed larger LPP in congruent conditions. These results suggest complicated cognitive mechanisms of safety sign comprehension in construction workers. This study extends safety sign comprehension research by using electrophysiological approaches and provides useful indicators for researchers or safety engineers to measure the semantic congruity of proposed sign designs.     

硫酸铀酰体系中混合萃取剂的研究

试验考察了以7301,TBP,P204和醋酸丁脂 煤油组成的混合萃取体系对硫酸铀酰的萃取情况,同时分别考察了7301,TBP,P204和醋酸丁脂各组分对铀纯化效果的影响。通过小型试验、台架试验和扩大试验,筛选出混合萃取体系的最佳组成,同时确定了以黄饼为原料制备核电级U3O8的工艺流程和工艺参数。试验结果表明:醋酸丁脂虽有助于两相的分离,但溶解损失过大,不宜用作相改良剂;阳离子萃取剂P204可萃取一定量的阳离子杂质,不宜加入;中性分子萃取剂TBP与三脂肪胺一同使用时,其相改良剂的作用优于传统的高碳醇,需要加入;阴离子萃取剂7301可以萃取硫酸铀酰溶液中呈阴离子状态的UO2(SO4)32-。最终确定新混合萃取体系为7301 TBP的煤油溶液。