Flow regime, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge properties in activated sludge bubble column, air-lift and aerated stirred reactors

This paper presents a comparative study how reactor configuration, sludge loading and air flowrate affect flow regimes, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge solids-liquid separation properties. Three reactor configurations were studied in bench scale activated sludge bubble column reactor (BCR), air-lift reactor (ALR) and aerated stirred reactor (ASR). The ASR demonstrated the highest capacity of gas holdup and resistance, and homogeneity in flow regimes and shearing forces, resulting in producing large numbers of small and compact flocs. The fluid dynamics in the ALR created regularly directed recirculation forces to enhance the gas holdup and sludge flocculation. The BCR distributed a high turbulent flow regime and non-homogeneity in gas holdup and mixing, and generated large numbers of larger and looser flocs. The sludge size distributions, compressibility and settleability were significantly influenced by the reactor configurations associated with the flow regimes and hydrodynamics.     

影响丁二烯抽提装置第二萃取塔运行周期的因素探讨及优化

DMF法丁二烯抽提装置第二萃取塔的结焦堵挂问题一直是制约装置长周期运行的主要因素，胶状聚合物的生成、焦油状物质的析出等都会造成第二萃取塔堵挂，影响装置的长周期稳定运行，本文从生产实际出发，对导致第二萃取塔堵挂的因素进行剖析，并提出相应的解决措施。     

Transport of Gellan Gum Microbeads in Soil Columns of Various Grain Size Distributions

The transport of gellan gum microbeads as potential cell carriers was investigated in horizontal columns packed with different grain size classes of gravel (2–16 mm) and sand (0.25–2 mm). A suspension of microbeads was pulsed into each column for 6 h, followed by injection of water for 42 h. In general, the total amount of microbeads travelling across a given section of the column increased with injection time but decreased towards the column outlet, varying as a direct function of grain size. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the transport of gellan gum microbeads through medium sand to medium gravel across distances up to 110 cm.     

影响蜂窝状钢骨混凝土L形柱性能的参数分析

针对钢骨混凝土L形柱,提出了一种新型的钢骨形式.为了掌握该构件的受力特性,通过ANSYS软件,对腹板开洞率、配钢率、加载角、偏心距等影响因素进行理论分析.结果表明,在相对偏心距较大的情况下构件承载力会急剧下降,而且存在不利荷载角的问题;腹板开洞能有效地减少钢骨与混凝土之间的滑移,但对承载力的削弱有限,并就该构件的最佳配钢率提出建议.     

Modelling Gas Holdup in Flotation Column Froths

A one‐dimensional steady‐state model is developed for the prediction of axial variation of the gas holdup in flotation column froths. Froth is considered as an inverse fluidized bed of bubbles and hence the frictional pressure gradient is obtained based on the energy balance. Pressure gradient can also be obtained from the Ergun equation with adjustable constants. The model correctly captures the effect of superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity and bubble diameter on the variation of the gas holdup along the froth height. The predictions of the model are in agreement with the experimental data from the literature.     

SYNTHESIS OF ACICULAR GOETHITE PARTICLES BY OXIDATION OF AQUEOUS FERROUS HYDROXIDE SUSPENSION IN A BUBBLE COLUMN WITH DRAFT TUBE

Acicular goethite particles were synthesized by oxidation of an alkaline suspension of ferrous hydroxide using a bubble column with draft tubes of different diameters at a constant temperature of 40°C. The oxidation rate increased with decreasing draft tube diameter. The mean size based on the major axis of acicular particle decreased with increasing oxidation rate and decreasing draft tube diameter. The major axis was found to grow preferentially compared with the minor axis. The mean size of major axis was correlated well to the modified reaction rate defined as a product of the reaction rate per unit volume of the reactor multiplied by the ratio of the column diameter to the draft tube diameter, irrespective of the draft tube diameter.     

高纯大豆卵磷脂的制备

采用氧化铝柱层析法,以95%乙醇-氨水(100∶1,体积比)为洗脱剂分离纯化大豆卵磷脂,用高效液相色谱法测定卵磷脂纯度。目的产物纯度93.4%,得率86.6%。为柱层析法工业化生产卵磷脂提供了实验依据。     

解吸水解装置存在问题分析及改进措施

分析解吸水解系统存在的工艺冷凝液流量及组分偏离设计值、塔盘吹翻、水解给料泵超负荷等问题，提出改进措施及建议。     

GC-1000在线色谱仪的技术改造

介绍利用现有日本横河公司生产的GC－1000型在线气相色谱仪在低密度聚乙烯装置的优化生产方案中，使用冷凝聚乙烯技术增加测量异戊烷过程中遇到的问题及解决办法。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS-LIQUID FLOWS IN RECTANGULAR BUBBLE COLUMNS USING CONDUCTIVITY PROBES

Unsteady gas-liquid flows in bubble columns are comprised of various flow processes occurring with varying length and time scales and govern mixing and transport processes. In the present work, we have characterized dynamic and time-averaged properties of gas-liquid flows in rectangular bubble columns using conductivity probes. The development of a single-tip conductivity probe, data processing methodology, and photographic validation procedure is discussed in detail. The effect of superficial gas velocity and aerated liquid height-to-width (H/W) ratio on voidage fluctuations and time-averaged gas holdup was investigated. The experimental data presented here can help in understanding the dynamics of various flow processes and validating computational fluid dynamics based models.