尾水管高度和宽度对水轮机水力性能的影响

针对不同高度和宽度的尾水管,通过分析其内部水流的流动情况,论述了高度和宽度对尾水管设计的重要性,同时采用CFD分析和模型试验的方法来确定尾水管高度和宽度对水轮机水力性能的影响。     

The intracellular distribution of vinculin and alpha2 integrin in epithelial cells and chondrocytes

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the presence of vinculin and alpha₂ integrin in chondrocytes in situ and epithelial cells. We also determined that the appropriate fixation and extraction protocols for immunohistochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy for an integral membrane protein and an actin-associated protein in cultured cells and whole tissue was different. Cultured epithelial cells, whole mount human cornea and avian cartilage were fixed and prepared using a number of standard procedures used for indirect fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The distribution of vinculin was cell-type and fixation-specific. Chondrocytes and cultured epithelial cells demonstrated vinculin in areas that appear to be associated with filamentous actin. Vinculin was associated with cell membranes in human cornea. The expression of alpha₂ integrin observed in chondrocytes fixed with methanol, paraformaldehyde, or formaldehyde is consistent with its role in cell-substrate interaction, but may also suggest a role in dividing and differentiating cells. The localization of alpha₂ integrin in human corneal epithelia supports its role as a cell-cell adhesion molecule. The cytoplasmic distribution of vinculin and alpha₂ integrin in tissues fixed without detergent extraction suggests that the fixation step may be sufficient for antibody penetration and antigen extraction. These studies are the first report of vinculin and alpha₂ integrin in embryonic chondrocytes. In addition we have shown that confocal laser scanning microscopy combined with proper fixation and extraction protocols may optimize the localization of antigens in cultured and whole mount cells.     

重离子照射野均匀度对细胞存活率影响的理论研究

为了给重离子治癌装置的照射野均匀度的确定提供依据,从理论上研究了重离子照射野均匀度对细胞存活率的影响,以细胞存活率曲线的线性平方模型为基础,导出了受不均匀重离子照射野照射时的细胞存活率与剂量的关系式,利用这个关系式讨论了照射野均匀度对细胞存活率的影响,结果表明,受不均匀照射野照射时的细胞存活率要比受理想的均匀照射野照时的细胞存活率大,均匀度越差细胞存活率越大;当实际照射野均匀度＞95％时,方可将实际的照射野作为理想的均匀照射野来处理,因此,重离子治癌装置的照射野均匀度应＞95％,同时指出,在对不同的实验室所得到的细胞存活率曲线进行比较时,应考虑不同的实验室的重离子照射野的均匀度的一致性。     

中温SOFC密封玻璃热稳定性研究

研究了一种热稳定性好的中温固体氧化物燃料电池密封玻璃. 研究表明, 此密封玻璃的热膨胀系数(室温～631℃)为9.8×10^-6/K, 与8YSZ电解质的热膨胀系数10.0×10^-6/K(室温～631℃)接近, 并且在700℃热处理300h后, 该密封玻璃的热膨胀系数几乎没有变化. 粘度实验表明, 玻璃在700℃下具有足够的刚性, 适合于运行温度在700℃左右SOFC的密封. 化学相容性的研究显示, 在700℃下与8YSZ反应300h后没有发现显著的界面反应.     

关于细胞神经网络无性模板的设计

本文以连通片检测器无性模板的设计为例，给出了细胞神经网络中无性模板的设计方法及连通片检测器无性模板中各元素的数值范围。     

金属材料断裂韧度JIC试验方案研究

鉴于多数断裂韧度JIC试验无法按GB／T2038—1991测出结果，对JIC试验方案进行了分析，探讨了在JIC测试中存在的问题并应用GB／T2038—1991和GB／T2038—1980进行了相应的试验。结果表明，按照GB／T2038—1991标准试验的可行性与材料的有效屈服强度有关；采用GB／T2038—1991标准测出的JIC值一般比旧标准偏大；GB／T2038—1991已经不能适应材料发展的需要，迫切需要修订和完善。     

PBX炸药在摩擦作用下的点火起爆研究

为了研究PBX炸药的摩擦感度及其在摩擦作用下的点火机理,对PBX炸药进行了摩擦感度试验,并从细观结构的角度对炸药在摩擦作用下的响应过程进行了数值模拟,分析了细观结构对炸药温度场的影响,以及压力、初速度等条件对炸药摩擦点火的影响。结果表明:摩擦作用下PBX炸药的点火点位于HMX颗粒与黏结剂交界处,点火的临界温度为1 100K;向炸药施加的压力越大,其发火可靠性越高,点火时间越早;钢柱摩擦炸药的初速度增大,能够提高其发火可靠性以及点火时间。     

Enhanced π–π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Fine‐tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active‐layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene‐based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA‐4 and SA‐7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF‐PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA‐4, the devices processed with SA‐4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA‐7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA‐4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self‐assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA‐7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.     

miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p Enable Megakaryocytic Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells without Thrombopoietin

Megakaryocytes release submicron size microparticles (MkMPs) in circulation. We have shown that MkMPs target CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to induce megakaryocytic differentiation, and that small RNAs in MkMPs play an important role in the development of this phenotype. Here, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we identify the synergetic effect of two microRNAs (miRs), miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p (highly enriched in MkMPs), in driving the Mk differentiation of HSPCs in the absence of thrombopoietin (TPO). Separately, our data suggest that the MkMP-induced Mk differentiation of HSPCs is enabled through JNK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. The interaction between the two signaling pathways is likely mediated by a direct target of miR-486-5p and a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling, the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein. Our data provide a possible mechanistic explanation of the biological effect of MkMPs in inducing megakaryocytic differentiation of HSPCs, a phenotype of potential physiological significance in stress megakaryopoiesis.     

Near-Complete Remission of Glioblastoma in a Patient Treated with an Allogenic Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine: The Role of Tumor-Specific CD4+T-Cell Cytokine Secretion Pattern in Predicting Response and Recurrence

Immunotherapy has brought hope to the fight against glioblastoma, but its efficacy remains unclear. We present the case of CST, a 25-year-old female patient with a large right-hemisphere glioblastoma treated with a dendritic–tumor cell fusion vaccine. CST showed a near-complete tumor response, with a marked improvement in her functional status and simultaneous increases in tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Two months before recurrence, the frequency of tumor-specific T cells decreased, while that of IL-17 and CD4+ T cells increased. CST passed away 15 months after enrollment. In this illustrative case, the tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell numbers and phenotype behaved as treatment efficacy biomarkers, highlighting the key role of the latter in glioblastoma immunotherapy.