Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of Near-Isothermally Forged TiAl Alloy Containing Minor Ni

The heat treatment, including two steps, was proposed to obtain Fine Fully Lamellar (FFL) microstructure on TiAl containing minor Ni. The first step was in t (α γ) phn~se region to get Duplex (DP) microstructure, and the second step was in α phase region transforming DP microstructure into FFL microstructure. The effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties was sludied. The results showed that the static recrystallization kinetics in i (α γ) phase region took the form of Avrami equitation, and the remnant lamellae in DP microstructure were detrimental to room temperature tensile properties. The FL microstructures were obtained after heat treatment in α phase region using DP microstructure, the uniform FFL microstructure wns beneficial to comprehensive properties.     

IMPROVEMENT OF TYPE IV CRACKING RESISTANCE OF 9Cr HEAT RESISTING STEEL WELDMENT BY BORON ADDITION

Creep lives of high Cr ferritic heat resisting steel weldments decrease due to Type Ⅳ fracture, which occurs as a result of formation and growth of creep voids and cracks on grain boundaries in fine-grained heat affected zone (HAZ). Because boron is considered to suppress the coarsening of grain boundary precipitates and growth of creep voids, we have investigated the effect of boron addition on the creep properties of 9Cr steel weldments. Four kinds of 9Cr3WSCoVNb steels with boron content varying from 4.7×10-5 to 1.8×10-4 and with nitrogen as low as 2.0×10-5 were prepared. The steel plates were welded by gas tungsten arc welding and crept at 923K. It was found that the microstructures of HAZ were quite different from those of conventional high Cr steels such as P91 and P92, namely the fine-grained HAZ did not exist in the present steel weldments. Boron addition also has the effect to suppress coarsening of grain boundary carbides in HAZ during creep. As a result of these phenomena, the welded join     

Finite element prediction of material removal rate due to electro-chemical spark machining

Electro-chemical spark machining (ECSM) is an innovative hybrid machining process, which combines the features of the electro-chemical machining (ECM) and electrodischarge machining (EDM). Unlike ECM and EDM, ECSM is capable of machining electrically non-conducting materials. This paper attempts to develop a thermal model for the calculation of material removal rate (MRR) during ECSM. First, temperature distribution within zone of influence of single spark is obtained with the application of finite element method (FEM). The nodal temperatures are further post processed for estimating MRR. The developed FEM based thermal model is found to be in the range of accuracy with the experimental results. Further the parametric studies are carried out for different parameters like electrolyte concentration, duty factor and energy partition. The increase in MRR is found to increase with increase in electrolyte concentration due to ECSM of soda lime glass workpiece material. Also, the change in the value of MRR for soda lime glass with concentration is found to be more than that of alumina. MRR is found to increase with increase in duty factor and energy partition for both soda lime glass and alumina workpiece material.     

熔盐氯化炉热平衡分析

在对熔盐氯化工艺中熔盐氯化炉内的反应与传质等过程进行系统分析的基础上,建立了熔盐氯化炉的热平衡方程,并对影响热平衡方程的因素氯气流速,含氧量及温度进行了分析和讨论。     

激光退火对Inconel 718微观组织和硬度的影响

研究激光退火对Inconel718时效合金的显微组织和硬度的影响.一台2.5kW的CO2激光机被用来照射试样的表面.在激光能作用下,试样表面层被加热后空冷.通过控制激光工艺参数,在表面不发生熔化的前提下,能够使一定厚度表面层内的硬度降低到标准退火合金的水平,而不影响试样内部母材的硬度.显微组织观察显示表面层的基体强化相(γ″和γ‘)在激光照射过程中被固溶,而其它二次相没有变化.γ″和γ‘的固溶被确定是表面层硬度下降的原因.在其它试验条件不变时,确立了退火层生成时由激光散焦距离和扫描速度描述的工艺参数范围.     

Microstructure Control of Thermally Sprayed Co-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coatings by Diffusion Treatment

This article describes microstructure control aimed for wear-resistance improvement of Co-based (Co-Cr-W-B-Si) self-fluxing alloy coating by diffusion treatment. The diffusion treatments of thermally sprayed Co-based self-fluxing alloy coating on steel substrate were carried out at 1370-1450 K for 600-6000 s under an Ar gas atmosphere. Microstructural variations of the coating and the interface between the substrate and the coating were investigated in detail. A proper diffusion treatment precipitates two kinds of fine compounds in Co-based matrix. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis revealed these precipitates to be a chromium boride dissolving cobalt and a tungsten boride containing cobalt and chromium. The size of each precipitate became larger with increasing treatment temperature and time. A coating with the proper size borides showed a superior wear-resistance. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

新型冷轧辊热处理工艺的优化选择

通过大量的试验研究，对比分析了多种合金元素对不同成分冷轧辊淬火、回火后的硬度及晶粒长大倾向的影响，从而确定了新型冷轧辊钢的最佳热处理工艺参数，为研制新型深淬硬层冷轧辊钢提供了依据。     

电弧热流分布模式对GMAW焊接温度场的影响

提出了ＧＭＡＷ熔池表面产生较大变形时的电弧热流分布模式,以此为基础并考虑熔滴过渡过程及焊缝余高,建立了焊接温度场的数值分析模型,通过数值模拟,定量分析了焊接工艺参数－ＧＭＡＷ熔池表面变形－电弧热流分布－熔池形态及其温度是之间的相互影响。焊接工艺试验结果,与高斯热源模型相比,采用本文给出的ＧＭＡＷ电弧热液分布模型的计算结果更符合实际。     

La0．67Mg0．33Ni2．5Co0．5贮氢合金的制备和MH电极性能研究

采用高频感应熔炼方法制备了PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金;用X射线衍射分析和电化学方法研究了添加不同Mg含量以补偿Mg元素烧损时合金的组织结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,铸态合金由．PuNi3型主相和少量的CaCu5型第二相组成,铸态合金经1223K和10h退火处理后,CaCu5型第二相可明显减少,其中Mg增加10％时得到纯度较高的PuNi3型组织。电化学测试表明,增加适当Mg含量和进行退火热处理能明显提高和改善合金电极容量、循环稳定性和大电流放电性能。与AB5型和。482型Laves相贮氢合金比较,PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5贮氢合金具有电极容量高及优良的大电流放电性能。     

中国的铸造生产能力与铸件出口贸易

2001年度中国灰铸铁，铸钢和可锻铸铁三类铸件的产量均大于或相当于日、美、德三国同类铸件产量的总和。尚欠发达的中国相关工业如何能为如此巨大的铸造工业提供足够的订单?美国按相关工业分类预测铸件年需求量的经验值得我们借鉴。中国铸件出口以廉价低档铸件为主，量值长期在低位徘徊的局面应予改变。2003年度美国各类进口铸件预计可达220万t，销售总金额约为40亿美元。