Optimal Control of the Primary Drying Stage of Freeze Drying of Solutions in Vials Using Variational Calculus

The problem of operating freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials placed in trays of a freeze dryer to remove free water (in frozen state) at a minimum time was formulated as an optimal control problem. Two different types of freeze dryer designs were considered. In type I freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled together, while in type II freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled independently. The heat input to the material being dried and the drying chamber pressure were considered as control variables. Constraints were placed on the system state variables by the melting and scorch temperatures during primary drying stage. Necessary conditions of optimality for the primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials are derived and presented. Furthermore, an approach for constructing the optimal control policies that would minimize the drying time for the primary drying stage was given. In order to analyze optimal control policy for the primary drying stage of the freeze-drying process in vials, a rigorous multi-dimensional unsteady state mathematical model was used. The theoretical approach presented in this work was applied in the freeze drying of skim milk. Significant reductions in the drying times of primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials were obtained, as compared to the drying times obtained from conventional operational policies.     

堆石料与基岩面直剪试验

介绍了堆石料与基岩面的现场直剪试验方法，6个组次的直剪试验结果表明，堆石料与基岩面的抗剪强度指标随基岩面坚硬度的增大而增加，并随基岩面粗糙度的加大而加大。     

提取地震信号高频信息方法的若干问题

岩性油气藏勘探已成为当代油气勘探的重要组成部分,因此提取地震资料高频信息已成为一个重要研究课题。文中对分辨率、分频处理地震信号、波阻抗反演中的一些问题进行了较深入的讨论,并得出以下认识:1要提高垂向和横向分辨率,必须设法提高野外采集地震资料的频率;2地震分频处理是偏移后提高分辨率的常用方法之一,这种方法应该限定在地震波的有效频带内,而超出有效频带,可能会带来很多假像;3低频合成地震记录中高频反射系数存在不确定性。在基于模型波阻抗反演的方法中,反演结果受初始模型的影响非常大,初始模型是依据测井资料建立的,初始模型与实际情况越接近,反演效果就越好;否则,会产生模型化的现象;4在相对波阻抗数据体(相当于地震数据体)作为约束条件下的SP测井参数协克里金插值是正演过程,消除了模型化的问题,使反演结果更接近真实情况,提高了砂层真实的分辨率。     

CSTN-LCD用铬版清洗效果的改善

利用铬版清洗机对CSTN-LCD用铬版进行清洗处理,分析了清洗过程中出现的铬层脱落现象,铬层脱落与轴向喷射压力和水平切力密切相关,通过调整转速和喷射压力探索了安全使用条件:在转速不超过1000r/min,喷射压力低于0.5×105Pa的情况下使用铬版清洗机进行清洗是相对安全的。同时采用预清洗处理的方法满足清洁要求,使换线时间由平均3h缩短到平均1h以内,年产能提高270000片。     

一个基于相邻像素兼容度的模糊加权平均滤波器

在文献[1]的基础上，提出几个改进的模糊加权平均滤波器。本文的方案不仅同时考虑了相邻像素对中心像素的兼容性以及中心像素对相邻像素的兼容性，而且还考虑到了权系数对局部环境的适应性。实验结果表明，该方法相比文献[1]中的模糊加权平均滤波器以及标准的均值滤波器、中值滤波器在噪声消除与边缘保留方面具有更好的性能。     

Prediction Model for BTA Deep-Hole Machining using Fuzzy Clustering Approach: Experimental Study

In this article, a subtractive clustering-based fuzzy identification method and a Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system are used for modeling in metal cutting. This approach is considered with its application on the experimental study of Boring and Trepanning Association (BTA) deep-hole drilling. The model for the surface roughness is identified by using the cutting speed and feed as input data and roughness as the output data. Using subtractive clustering in both input and output spaces performs the model-building process. Minimum error model is obtained through enumerative search of clustering parameters. The fuzzy model obtained is capable of predicting the surface roughness for a given set of inputs (speed and feed). Therefore, the operator can predict the quality of the surface for a given set of working parameters and will then be able to set the machining parameters to achieve a certain surface quality. The fuzzy model is verified experimentally by further experimentation using different sets of inputs. The tool life is also investigated using the same approach. The fuzzy inference system obtained is capable of predicting the tool life for a given set of cutting parameters. Therefore, the operator will be able to predict how many minutes the cutting tool is going to last and will set the time for the next tool change.     

从图像的二维谱分析现行电视的缺陷

从图像的二维谱可以得出现行广播电视图像为什么不能满足人眼的视觉匹配以及现行电视制度的不足 ,从而对未来的高清晰度电视发展提出要求。     

基于VXI总线的超宽带线性调频信号源的设计

主要介绍了VXI总线C尺寸超宽带线性调频信号源的设计方法，重点描述了利用现场可编程逻辑器件FPAG和DSP设计VXI总线接口电路，以及数字波形存储直读技术在线性调频信号源中的应用。     

Fifty Years On: Brown v. Board of Education and American Psychology, 1954-2004 An Introduction.

Introduces the current issue of the American Psychologist, which examines the ramifications of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision and its sequelae over the last 50 years, with a special focus on the mixed role of psychological research and practice. Despite the great strides toward a more just society since May 17, 1954, inequities remain in schooling, in social relations, and in economic opportunity. How will history judge American psychology 50 years from now vis-a-vis the possibilities it helped create via Brown? The articles in this special issue suggest several important directions of research and action our field will need to take if the verdict of history is to be a positive one. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

双级染料激光放大器泵浦能量分配的数值研究

用染料激光放大器的横向稳态泵浦理论，对不同的入射光能量选择不同的增益计算方法，研究了双级染料放大器的泵浦能量分配比例、泵浦光总能量和信号光能量大小对激光增益的影响。计算结果表明，对于其他参数确定的放大系统，存在着最佳的泵浦能量分配比例，可获得最大增益输出。通过自编程序的计算，可方便地找出特定系统泵浦能量分配比例的最佳值。