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81.
Homopolymer and copolymer of poly(amide-azomethine) were synthesized from the corresponding diamines and dialdehydes. The polymerization was proceeded in the mixed solvent of o-chlorophenol and m-cresol (1: I by volume) at 0 °C for I S h. The inherent viscosities of the new aromatic poly(amide-azomethine)s are in the range of 0.51 to 2.31 dl/g. These polymers were soluble in sulfuric and formic acid. The TGA results show that no weight loss up to 400 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, which suggests the relatively good thermal stabilities.  相似文献   
82.
Phenomena called surface explosions have been reported for decomposition reactions on single crystals, and have been identified by the use of desorption methods. In particular, in TPD, they are manifested by extremely narrow peaks (as little as 3 K in width) and a desorption rate which increases with time in isothermal experiments. In this paper we report such observations for acetate species on Rh single crystals, but extend this to show for the first time that such effects are not restricted to single crystal/UHV experiments, but can also be found on a Rh/Al2O3 catalyst under ambient pressure conditions. These reactions can be classified as second order autocatalytic surface processes, where free surface Rh sites are an essential component of the reaction. It is shown that coadsorbed adatoms are also essential for such explosions to be seen and their role is proposed to be that of a template layer acting to order the acetate in self-poisoning configurations.  相似文献   
83.
The thermal stability of seven organically modified montmorillonites (‘organoclays’) has been investigated using differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry in conjunction with X-ray diffractometry. Six organoclays were synthesised by replacing the interlayer inorganic cations, initially present, with quaternary phosphonium and ammonium surfactant cations. The samples modified with tetrabutylphosphonium (TBP), and butyltriphenylphosphonium (BTPP) ions have an appreciably higher thermal stability than the octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA)-modified clays. Thus, in the case of TBP- and BTPP-modified montmorillonites, the onset temperature of decomposition is close to 300 °C. Samples modified with hexadecyltributylphosphonium (HDTBP) ions have a lower onset temperature of decomposition of 225 °C. In comparison, the onset temperature for ODTMA-montmorillonites (obtained at different concentrations of ODTMA-bromide) ranges from 158 to 222 °C, being highest where the concentration of intercalated surfactant is lowest. The onset temperature for a commercial alkylsilane-treated quaternary ammonium-modified organoclay (S-BEN N-400FP) is 207 °C. The basal spacing of the TBP- and BTPP-modified clays is 1.7–1.8 nm, indicating a monolayer arrangement of quaternary phosphonium ions in the interlayer space, while the value of 2.5 nm for HDTBP-montmorillonite indicates a more open structure. The ODTMA-modified samples have basal spacings ranging from 1.9 to 2.1 nm, indicative of a bilayer to pseudo-trilayer arrangement. The exceptionally high basal spacing of 3.4 nm for the S-BEN N-400FP organoclay might be due to interlayer penetration of organosilane hydrolysis products during synthesis. The thermal properties of organoclays are apparently related to the nature of the surfactants and their arrangement in the interlayer space of montmorillonite.  相似文献   
84.
以海洋温差能发电(Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion,OTEC)平台的冷水管为研究对象,根据结构方程和尾流振子方程建立冷水管流固耦合模型,采用有限元方法和 法对冷水管涡激振动(Vortex-Induced Vibration,VIV)进行时域分析,并在MATLAB软件中开发相应的求解程序。针对冷水管所面临的复杂工况,分别研究外部流场、内部流场、长径比和压载质量等因素对VIV产生的影响。结果表明:随着外流流速和长径比的增大,冷水管横流向VIV模态和振动幅值也发生相应改变,振动强度呈现波动上升;在不发生动态失稳的情况下,内流流速的增加可有效减小冷水管横流向振动幅值,压载质量可大幅减小冷水管自由端的振动位移。  相似文献   
85.
The present work aimed to reduce the microstructure heterogeneity inherent to flash sintering by using alumina blankets as a thermal insulator around ZnO cylindrical samples during the sintering process, under different electric field conditions. Thermal insulation significantly reduced the flash onset temperature and the grain size heterogeneity. For higher electric fields, a temperature reduction as high as 480 °C was observed, which also led to lower densification. These findings were discussed in terms of changes in the heat loss dynamics coupled with the adsorbed water retention, both promoted by the applied thermal insulation. A model to estimate the temperature at stage III of flash sintering was proposed. The final temperature reached with thermal insulation did not differ significantly from the ones without it. Thus, thermal insulation could represent an alternative route to flash sinter materials with lower furnace temperatures with energy savings up to 78 % and a more homogeneous microstructure.  相似文献   
86.
Further advances in Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) design are linked with the evolution of numerical models for TBCs. The present paper, therefore, enhances the idea of a currently available FEM package (OOF) that has been designed for microstructural level simulations. The approach of Extended FEM (XFEM) is incorporated in an in-house developed program to account for the existence of cracks in TBCs; both for stress-strain analysis and for heat transfer analysis. The new XFEM program is then employed to carry out the analyses of a YSZ deposit and a multilayered TBC to predict the effective Young's moduli, the overall thermal conductivities, and to assess the fracture behavior of the coating.  相似文献   
87.
The families of titanium aluminide intermetallic alloys have attractive high temperature mechanical properties which make them potential candidate materials for a wide range of applications, particularly in the aeronautic and automobile sectors. The development of appropriate manufacturing techniques is an essential stage in the engineering exploitation of these materials, e.g., Induction Skull Melting is one of the techniques which needs to be optimised for the casting of titanium aluminides. Research is underway to develop a computer model of this process but data are required for the key thermophysical properties. Pulse-heating techniques have been used to measure properties for the Ti–44Al–8Nb–1B system. Rectangular samples have been prepared and are resistively heated as part of a fast capacitor discharge circuit. Time-resolved measurements with sub-μs resolution of currents through the specimen were made with a Pearson probe current monitor using the induction principle. Voltages across the specimen were determined with knife-edge contacts and voltage dividers, and radiance temperatures of the sample were measured with a pyrometer. These measurements allow the calculation of specific heat and dependencies between enthalpy, electrical resistivity and temperature of the alloy up into the liquid phase. Data for thermal diffusivity have been obtained by using the Wiedeman–Franz relation. The results are compared with those obtained using DSC and the four-probe method to measure the temperature dependence of the resistivity.  相似文献   
88.
A novel approach was undertaken in producing porous AlN microelectronics tapes with high thermal conductivity and low dielectric constant. This method essentially utilised polymer micro-spherical powders that were used as a sacrificial mould to introduce controlled porosity into the green tapes during pyrolysis. The Al2O3-rich porous green tapes were then reaction sintered at 1680 °C for 12 h to achieve porous AlN tapes. This work builds upon the previously developed novel reaction sintering process that densified and converted Al2O3-rich tapes (Al2O3–20 wt.% AlN–5 wt.% Y2O3) to AlN tapes at a relatively low sintering temperature of 1680 °C. The sintering behaviour of the porous tapes was investigated, and the effects of the microspheres particle size and volume addition were studied. The microspheres successfully contributed to the significant reduction of tape density by porosity, and this contributed to lowering its dielectric constant. Dielectric constant of the AlN tapes were reduced to about 6.8–7.7 whilst thermal conductivity values were reasonable at about 46–60 W/m K. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values showed a linear trend according to phase composition, with the porous AlN tapes exhibiting CTE values of (4.4–4.8)×10−6 °C−1, showing good CTE compatibility with silicon, at 4.0×10−6 °C−1. The added porosity did not significantly affect the CTE values.  相似文献   
89.
Force modeling in metal cutting is important for a multitude of purposes, including thermal analysis, tool life estimation, chatter prediction, and tool condition monitoring. Numerous approaches have been proposed to model metal cutting forces with various degrees of success. In addition to the effect of workpiece materials, cutting parameters, and process configurations, cutting tool thermal properties can also contribute to the level of cutting forces. For example, a difference has been observed for cutting forces between the use of high and low CBN content tools under identical cutting conditions. Unfortunately, among documented approaches, the effect of tool thermal property on cutting forces has not been addressed systemically and analytically. To model the effect of tool thermal property on cutting forces, this study modifies Oxley’s predictive machining theory by analytically modeling the thermal behaviors of the primary and the secondary heat sources. Furthermore, to generalize the modeling approach, a modified Johnson–Cook equation is applied in the modified Oxley’s approach to represent the workpiece material property as a function of strain, strain rate, and temperature. The model prediction is compared to the published experimental process data of hard turning AISI H13 steel (52 HRc) using either low CBN content or high CBN content tools. The proposed model and finite element method (FEM) both predict lower thrust and tangential cutting forces and higher tool–chip interface temperature when the lower CBN content tool is used, but the model predicts a temperature higher than that of the FEM.  相似文献   
90.
通过在加氢气氛下高能球磨,制成了新型复合材料Mg/MWNTs。利用XRD,TEM—SAED等手段对该材料进行了微结构分析。采用储放氢实验装置测试了Mg/MWNTs—H2体系的PCT放氢曲线和放氢动力学性能。研究发现:复合材料Mg/MWNTs在2.0MPa氢压时,373,473,553和598K温度下,最大储氢量(质量分数)分别为0.41%,3.37%,5.70%和6.25%;复合材料Mg/MWNTs氢化物的焓变和熵变的绝对值均低于纯Mg,分别降低了10.51%和3.50%;与纳米晶Mg氢化物相比,复合材料Mg/MWNTs不仅最大储氢量显著增加,而且放氢动力学性能也明显改善。  相似文献   
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