Poröse Scaffolds aus mineralisiertem Kollagen – ein biomimetisches Knochenersatzmaterial

Porous scaffolds made from mineralised collagen – a biomimetic bone graft material Using biomimetically mineralised collagen type I, a new porous bone graft material has been developed, the composition of which mimics extracellular matrix of bone tissue. The pore structure is generated by a freeze drying process, whereas the pore size can be controlled by temperature and velocity of the freezing over a wide range. The structure is stabilized by crosslinking of the collagen with the water soluble carbodiimide derivative EDC. For the seeding with bone cells, pores with diameters of about 200 μm have turned out to be optimal. These scaffolds are elastic in the wet state which allow for cell culture experiments under mechanical stimulation.     

Vertical sections of cultivated anchorage-dependent cells for electron microscopy

A method is described for electron microscopic preparation of cultivated cells for vertical sections using the test chamber system TCSC-1. The cells are cultivated on a special foil. They can be fixed and embedded directly in the chamber. After polymerization of the resin, the foil can be easily taken off and a second resin layer is poured upon the embedded cells. Then distinct cells can be marked under an inverted light microscope. The bilayer of the resin allows optimal conditions for vertical sections of anchorage-dependent cells.     

基于独立向量分析的脑电信号中肌电伪迹的去除方法

脑电数据经常被各种电生理信号伪迹所污染。在常见伪迹中,肌电伪迹特别难以去除。文献中最常用的方法包括诸如独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis, ICA)和典型相关分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA)等盲源分离技术。该文首次提出一种基于独立向量分析(Independent Vector Analysis, IVA)的新方法,用以去除脑电中的肌电伪迹。IVA同时使用高阶统计量和二阶统计量,因此该方法能够充分利用肌电伪迹的非高斯性和弱相关性,兼具ICA方法和CCA方法的优势。实验表明,使用IVA方法可以在保留脑电成份的同时极大抑制肌电伪迹,效果显著优于ICA法和CCA法。     

Proteins in longissimus muscle of Korean native cattle and their relationship to meat quality

Proteomic profiling by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry of longissimus dorsi muscle tissue from Korean native cattle identified seven proteins that are differentially expressed in animals producing low and high quality grade beef. The expression level of alpha actin is increased in high quality grade beef and the expression levels of T-complex protein 1 (TCP-1), heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP27), and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type1 (IP3R1), a new protein to be associated with meat quality, are increased in low quality grade beef. In particular, the quantitation of HSP27 and IP3R1 by both silver staining and immunoblotting correlated well with intramuscular fat content, meat tenderness, and free calcium levels. The data suggest that HSP27 and IP3R1 are potential meat quality biomarkers and their identification provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms and pathways associated with overall beef quality.     

Comparison of electrothermal and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of total arsenic in broiler chicken

The purpose of this study was to estimate total arsenic concentration in different tissues (leg, breast, liver and heart) of broiler chicken by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), prior to microwave assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the techniques was evaluated by using certified reference material DORM-2. The percentage recoveries of total As were observed as 100.6% and 99.4% for HGAAS and GFAAS, respectively. The precision of the techniques, expressed as relative standard deviation, was observed as 1.71% and 4.18% for HGAAS and GFAAS measurements, respectively. The limits of detection for HGAAS and GFAAS were 0.025 μg/g and 0.052 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations of total arsenic in different tissues of broiler chicken were found in the range of 2.19–5.28, 2.15–5.22, 2.97–7.17 and 2.68–6.36 μg/g for leg, breast, liver and heart tissues, respectively. At a mean level of chicken consumption (60 g/person/day), people may ingest in the range of 72.0–85.1 μg arsenic/person/day from chicken alone.     

The effect of replacing dietary fish oil with canola oil on fatty acid composition and expression of desaturase and elongase genes in Jade Tiger hybrid abalone

This study investigates the effect of graded substitution of dietary fish oil (FO) with canola oil (CO) on fatty acid composition and expression of Δ-6 desaturase and elongase 2 genes in the muscle of Jade Tiger hybrid abalone. The control diet contained 1.5% FO supplement (0% CO). Four other diets contained FO/CO in ratios of 3:1 (CO 25%), 1:1 (CO 50%), 1:3 (CO 75%) and 100% CO. The result demonstrated that abalone fed the diets supplemented with 25% and 50% CO showed similarly high levels of total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) (P < 0.05) as the 0% CO group. The highest levels of total PUFA and total monounsaturated fatty acids were found in the 100% CO group (P < 0.05). The results also showed that Δ-6 desaturase and elongase 2 gene expression was increased in a graded manner by increasing dietary CO (P < 0.05). It was concluded that replacement of FO by CO at the levels of 25-50% can improve the contents of health-benefiting EPA and DHA in abalone.     

甘蔗新品种桂糖48号的组织培养技术研究

甘蔗组织培养技术是加速繁殖新品种和加快新品种大面积推广的主要手段,不同品种的离体培养中其培养基中激素配比存在差异,因此筛选合适培养基是提高品种快繁效率的关键。本文以桂糖48号为材料,以MS基本培养基加外源激素浓度梯度进行试验处理设计,对品种的愈伤组织诱导、愈伤分化、试管苗增殖和生根阶段进行培养基筛选试验,以其筛选出最合适桂糖48号的培养基配方。试验结果表明:诱导愈伤组织培养基为MS+2,4-D 3.0 mg/L;愈伤组织分化培养基为MS+BA 1.0 mg/L;初代增殖培养基为MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+GA 0.5 g/L;继代培养基为MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L;生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 12 mg/L。在该培养基下,生根最好,苗绿,比较高,长势好,对加快甘蔗新品种桂糖48号在广西大面积推广起到积极的作用。     

Evaluation of artificial neural network modelling to predict torso muscle activity

Owing to the complexities involved in obtaining direct measures of in vivo muscle forces, validation of predictive models of muscle activity has been difficult. An artificial neural network (ANN) model had been previously developed for the estimation of lumbar muscle activity during moderate levels of static exertion. The predictive ability of this model is evaluated in this study using several techniques, including comparison of response surfaces and composite statistical tests of values derived from model output, with multiple EMG experimental datasets. ANN-predicted activation levels were accurately modelled to within 3% across a range of experiments and levels of combined flexion/extension and lateroflexion loadings. The results indicate both a high degree of consistency in the averaged muscle activity measured in several different experiments, and substantiate the ability of the ANN model to predict generalized recruitment patterns. It also is suggested that the use of multiple comparison methods provides a better indication of model behaviour and prediction accuracy than a single evaluation criterion.     

Attention-related muscle activity in different body regions during VDU work with minimal physical activity

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to characterize regional variation in task-irrelevant muscle activity. Surface EMG was recorded at 20 different muscle sites during a complex choice-reaction task. Up to ten muscle sites were recorded in parallel and always including the upper trapezius muscles. The experimental setting was designed to minimize the physical activity while performing a VDU-based task demanding continuing attention. Consequently, the label ‘attention-related muscle activity’ has been adopted. The presence of this activity varied between subjects and between the different muscle sites. It tended to decrease in a caudal direction and to be low in the muscles of the extremities, with the exception of the extensor muscles of the hand and foot. Attention-related activity was prevalent in the frontalis and upper trapezius muscles. This result is discussed with respect to a potentially harmful health effect of task-irrelevant muscle activity.