Design and testing of a solar photovoltaic operated multi-seeds oil press

Oil expression tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of a novel oil expeller designed and fabricated to operate on a 200 W solar photovoltaic (PV) power system as a sole power source. The oil press was designed to press oilseeds meal with intermediate moisture content of 12±1% (w.b.) and 0.5–2 mm particle sizes. Freshly grated coconuts and ground peanuts were used to determine the oil expression efficiency of the press. The oilseed samples were pressed for 12 min with a maximum pressure of 3.0 MPa being reached at 6 min of pressing for peanuts and 8 min of pressing for coconuts. The pressure was then held for the rest of the pressing time. The press attained an average oil expression efficiency of 73% for coconuts and 70% for peanuts. The force-vs.-deformation studies indicated that peanut press meal was compacted at a higher rate as compared to coconuts. The observation on the energy consumption indicated that there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the specific energy requirement for both coconuts and peanuts after 6 min of pressing, which resulted from the solidification of the press cake. An average specific energy of 36.55 and 20.35 Wh/kg was recorded for peanuts and coconuts, respectively, after 12 min of pressing.     

Above ground standing biomass and carbon storage in village bamboos in North East India

Bamboo forms an important component in the traditional landscape of North East India. For biomass estimation of village bamboos of Barak Valley, North East India, allometric relationships were developed by harvest method describing leaf, branch and culm biomass with DBH as an independent variable using a log linear model. The culm density of the stand was 8950 culms ha⁻¹ during 2005 of which 67% of growing stock was represented by Bambusa cacharensis, 17.88% by Bambusa vulgaris and 15.12% by Bambusa balcooa. Above ground stand biomass was 121.51 t ha⁻¹ of which 86% was contributed by culm component followed by branch (10%) and leaf (4%). With respect to species, B. cacharensis made up to 46% of total stand biomass followed by B. vulgaris (28%) and B. balcooa (26%). Carbon storage in the above ground biomass was 61.05 t ha⁻¹. Allocation of C was more in culm components (53.05 t ha⁻¹) than in branch (5.81 t ha⁻¹) and leaf (2.19 t ha⁻¹). Carbon storage in the litter floor mass was 2.40 t ha⁻¹, of which leaf litter made up the highest amount (1.37 t ha⁻¹) followed by sheath (0.86 t ha⁻¹) and branch (0.17 t ha⁻¹). Carbon stock in the soil up to 30 cm depth was 57.3 t ha⁻¹. Gross C stock in the plantation was estimated to be 120.75 t ha⁻¹. Carbon storage estimated in the bamboo stand of present study offers insights into the opportunity of village bamboos in the rural landscape for carbon storage through carbon sequestration. Management and utilization of village bamboos as a potential source of carbon sink by smallholder farmers are discussed in the context of their livelihood security and the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations.     

台湾9.21震灾纲要计划的研讨——以台中县雾峰乡为例

汶川大地震造成巨大破坏与诸多遗憾。台湾中部也曾于1999年9月21日发生严重的震灾。笔者曾参与台中县的灾后重建计划工作.对震灾有所了解,提出几点看法。以为关心灾后城市自然灾害防治与都市更新等专家学者提供参考。     

中国徽州地区农村传统村落街区空间构造的形成——对古徽州地区呈坎村与卢村的调查

街区是构成中国传统村落的基本组团单位，其潜在的含义是居住者的社会组成。本文从社会构成的角度分析街区所反映出来的村落空间形式。     

古运河遗产村落茅草屋内在价值的探析——基于鲁南台儿庄地区兴隆村茅草屋的调研

该文基于台儿庄地区古运河遗产村落现存茅草屋的调研，通过对民居原型的历史追寻、院落形制的考察，以及与国内现存茅草屋的比较等纵横向的研究，科学探析了茅草屋内在的价值，即古运河遗产村落现存的茅草屋建筑具有穴居的历史印记，完整的保存并再现了穴居演变的重要一环节，其院落形制具有合院与井厅混合交叉的特色，同时，现存茅草屋建筑丰富了我国传统民居类型，彰显了田、汉族文化的交融与渗透，洋溢出浓郁的古运河与大战文化。     

当代乡土理念的建筑设计基础教学探索

建筑设计基础教学中如何落实教学理念、方法和内容并保持特色是重要的议题。围绕华侨大学建筑学院"土楼乡村为背景、当代乡土为理念、现代建筑设计方法与内容为借鉴"的设计基础教学改革探索,文章详细介绍了"主题串联、结构有序"的一学年教案的培养目标、教案内容、教学方法、教学反馈等问题,结合以传统为源泉的当代建筑创作探讨当代乡土思路的教学在当前社会及教育背景下的适宜性。     

清代水师旗营的民间信仰建筑谱系——以福州琴江村为例

以清代水师旗营的民间信仰建筑为研究对象,以福州琴江村为例,首先考述其马江海战前后的建制沿革,分解为3个纲目依次论述建筑功能、建筑分布、及建筑尺度层级。并进一步结合营垒世俗化变迁历程,详细分析清代水师旗营的民间信仰建筑谱系的演化。     

城中村认识与城市发展

城中村是我国城市化建设中的特有现象,其自身的发展对于城市化的进程有着重要的影响。本文从城中村的起源,特点进行分析,结合城市自身的发展要求,从城市整体规划层面提出治理建议。     

着眼于旅游开发的古村村落空间改造设计——以北京市延庆县柳沟村为例

本文以北京市延庆县柳沟古村为例,探讨了着眼于旅游开发的村落改造设计思路。设计从乡村旅游者的需求着手进行分析,推导出能满足游客需求和具有“吸引力”的村落空间特征,把它和柳沟古村现状进行比较分析,从而得出改造设计的思路。     

村落发展当代途径的定向分析——结合北京怀柔河防口村庄规划与新村建设的思考

当前新农村建设的政策与各项措施的执行,客观地说,是各个地区的农村村落在当代实际发展的语境下,开拓进取,为农民谋福利,解决他们实际问题的有效途径。该文结合村落规划的实践,对村落空间实际存在的问题进行分析,通过采取一些积极稳妥的整体空间规划策略和节能住宅的设计方法,引导与实现当代农村社会、经济、空间的协调发展。