Energy performance of traditional bath buildings

This paper presents the results of a recent research effort to collect and analyze data pertaining to traditional bath buildings (“hammams”) in Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Syria, and Algeria. Thereby, the energy performance of and the thermal comfort conditions in five such buildings were studied. Moreover, empirically calibrated building performance simulation models of a number of objects were generated in order to predict the consequences of alternative thermal retrofit measures. The results provide the opportunity for an objective assessment of the actual energy and indoor environmental performance of these buildings.     

秦巴山区农村传统民居绿色建筑模式初探

本文通过对秦巴山区山地传统民居进行实地调查,对其民居宅院建造特征、结构形式、构造方式进行了分析。在此基础上,结合气候模拟程序对该区域的自然气候环境与被动式建筑策略关系进行了定量化的研究,总结了秦巴山区农村传统民居适合当地气候及自然条件的绿色建筑模式,为该区域山地农村民居生态化建设提供引导及借鉴。     

Humble,humane and harmonious houses of Laurie Baker

Laurie Baker (1917–2007) was an architect from Birmingham, who settled and worked in India, where he met and was profoundly influenced by Gandhi. In India, he developed simple and indigenous principles of design of houses, which are comfortable and affordable by the poor. Laurie Baker is often called the Mahatma Gandhi of domestic architecture. His work is truly sustainable architecture – ecological, economic and social.     

Vernacular architecture: questions of comfort and practicability

A paradoxical situation exists where vernacular building traditions are in a state of decline and are being replaced by modern counterparts, but they are repeatedly cited in the academic literature as exemplary models of environmental practice. This paradox is examined through research on whether vernacular passive cooling systems in the hot and dry climates of present-day Iran are practicable for the provision of comfortable indoor temperatures. Investigating their technical thermal performance as well as user perceptions and behaviour, positive and negative attributes of the cooling systems are identified. If conclusions about the long-term viability of vernacular buildings are to be drawn, then social, cultural, economic and environmental attributes need to be taken into consideration. Despite rather widespread and persistent assumptions, vernacular building traditions are not necessarily able to survive and the choices made by local people regarding the continuation or abandonment of specific traditions are influenced by a variety of cultural and practical factors. This substantiates the necessity of an integrated and holistic approach that engages with these variables in order to acquire a better understanding of the conditions for the survival of vernacular traditions.

Le fait que les traditions architecturales vernaculaires se trouvent dans un état de déclin et sont remplacées par leurs équivalents modernes, alors même qu'elles sont citées à maintes reprises dans la littérature universitaire comme des modèles exemplaires de pratique environnementale, constitue une situation paradoxale. Ce paradoxe est étudié au travers de recherches visant à déterminer si les systèmes de refroidissement passif vernaculaires sous les climats chauds et secs de l'Iran d'aujourd'hui peuvent être mis en pratique pour assurer des températures intérieures confortables. L’étude de leurs performances thermiques techniques aussi bien que des perceptions et du comportement des utilisateurs permet d'identifier les attributs positifs et négatifs des systèmes de refroidissement. S'il faut tirer des conclusions concernant la viabilité à long terme des bâtiments vernaculaires, il est alors nécessaire de prendre en considération les attributs sociaux, culturels, économiques et environnementaux. En dépit de présomptions plutôt répandues et tenaces, les traditions architecturales vernaculaires ne sont pas nécessairement capables de survivre et les choix opérés par les populations locales quant à la poursuite ou l'abandon de traditions spécifiques sont influencés par divers facteurs culturels et pratiques. Ceci confirme la nécessité d'une approche intégrée et holistique qui, par ces variables, incite à acquérir une meilleure compréhension des conditions propres à assurer la survie des traditions vernaculaires.

Mots clés: confort adaptatif, performances des bâtiments, attentes, traditions locales, occupants, refroidissement passif, architecture vernaculaire, Iran     

笔墨赋情，与古为新——广州粤剧艺术博物馆方案形成历程记录

为展示岭南地区的艺术瑰宝,2012年广州市政府拟于旧城区西关择址建设粤剧艺术博物馆。随着招标工作的展开,社会各界亦积极参与各方案的评选活动。经过层层深化与探讨,最终从民居式、现代式、园林式三种风格中确定以园林式建筑为实施方案。在从多角度入手比较各投标方案差异的基础上,本文对中标方案的设计构思进行阐述,通过对城市历史环境下文化建筑的地域性表达途径的思考,分析该设计方案对于传统艺术延续、城市历史街区更新发展及岭南地域文化传承的意义。     

城市道路发展对传统民族街区演变的影响——以南京七家湾为例

城市中的传统民族街区是城市人文生态多样性的重要组成部分,是弥足珍贵的城市历史文化的载体,但近几十年的城市更新,特别是城市道路的新建与改拓,引发和加深了传统民族街区的演变,街区生存面临重大挑战。本文以南京七家湾传统回民街区为例,研究其历史变迁过程,街道景观演变的规律,用人文生态的理论研究道路对街区景观演变的影响,以期在道路规划中考虑对城市传统民族街区的影响,制定更适宜城市人文生态多样性的规划。     

城市空间的情景对话* ——传统街道体验空间对城市步行街更新的启示

文章借用“情景对话”的概念并将其运用到传统街道的空间分析中,研究独特的传统街道空间形态和场所意象;剖析了场景与情节的构成要素,以及其如何被空间体验中的人们强烈地感知并唤起人们共同的场所记忆;探讨了营造空间认同感、体验感的途径。以期对现代城市步行街的更新设计有所启示。     

地区建筑营建的被动式节能设计对策的体系化研究——以绿色窑居节能空间的形态设计为例

该文从窑居微气候环境控制中遇到的通风、采光、保温与降湿等矛盾入手,以建筑环境构成的层级结构作为基本分类准则,依据影响地区建筑微气候的各种环境因素调节的原理,提出地区建筑营建的被动式设计对策的体系化框架.该文还结合拓扑几何学原理,以单体窑居的节能空间设计为例,探讨其形态的被动式设计对策细则.     

中国古代造园目的之分析

从本体论的视角而言,中西方园林是两种性质完全不同的空间.二者服务于不同的目的,乃至于发展出不同的技术方法和表现形式.因此,造园目的是理解园林形式、园林创作的艺术与技术手段以及园林审美的基础,也是通达园林本质的起点.该文基于中国传统园林的发展脉络,辅以适当的文献资料,分析中国传统造园目的的变迁.并以此为线索,揭示中国传统园林的空间本质和园林空间演变的文化逻辑.最后,对中国传统园林的当代价值提出讨论.     

Recycling of industrial wastes in ceramic manufacturing: State of art and glass case studies

Nowadays, ceramic tile are manufactured at zero emissions permitting to recycle all by-products and part of residues derived from depuration treatments (exhausted lime, glazing sludge and polishing sludge). In addition to this environmentally friendly tendency, in the last years an increasing number of scientific studies demonstrated the feasibility to use alternative raw materials in substitution of different component of the ternary clay-feldspar-quartz system. In the first part of the paper is reported the state of the art of industrial waste recycling in the ceramic sector, with the focus on review studies related to both ceramic tiles and bricks..In the second part of the work are reported two case studies conducted by the authors with the aim to formulate ceramic bodies using alternative raw materials. New tailored compositions were obtained replacing clays, flux and/or inert compounds (higher than 60 wt%) by scraps from packaging waste glass in tiles, and cathode ray tube glasses and packaging waste glass up to 20 wt% in the brick compositions.