强化传热管在糖厂中和汁加热的应用研究

在正常生产条件下，使用单头螺旋槽管于精厂中和汁二级加热器，研究了它对传热效能、积垢的生成和清除的影响及其在糖厂推广使用的可能性。试验结果表明：螺旋槽管平均传热系数3695kJ／m2·t·h，为光管平均传热系数2059．5kJ／m2·C·h的1．794倍；螺旋槽管加热器在连续生产55h后停机清洗，发现积垢生成较少，且用钢丝刷可以清除干净。     

Mass Balance Analysis of Ozone in a Conventional Bubble Column

Ozone transfer into potable water was studied in a conventional bubble column, and ozone mass balances have been calculated to determine ozone utilization efficiencies. Liquid and gas flow rates, as well as inlet ozone concentrations in the gas phase were varied. Using these data, it was possible to determine the ozone mass transfer coefficient, ozone transfer efficiency, and ozone consumption. A model of ozone transfer was established, and procedures for calculating the optimum design parameters and operating conditions are proposed.     

Power Evaluation of the Los Angeles Oxygen–Fed Ozone System

The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) operates a 600 mgd (2,270 ML/day) direct filtration water treatment plant which includes a 7,900 lb/day (149 kg/hr) ozonation system. Ozone is applied as a preoxidant for the purposes of disinfection and microflocculation. The ozonation system is unique in that high purity oxygen is generated on–site and is used as the feed–gas in a once–through system. The process was selected through competitive bids and evaluated for total present worth from 20–year life cycle costs which included capital plus energy expenses. Power consumption (and penalty) was valued at $6,500/kW. System power demand was measured at nine ozone production rates. A minimum specific energy of 6.5 kWh/lb (14.3 kWh/kg) of ozone was observed when generating ozone at a concentration between 5 and 6 % (wt) [65 and 80 g/m³; where the standard temperature and pressure are 70F (21.11 C) and 1 atm, respectively]. The test methodology and data assessment considerations were developed jointly by the owner and manufacturer, and produced results with practical significance beyond the performance testing objective.     

Effect of environmental humidity and coating on aroma transfer through treated papers

Coupled transfers of aroma compounds and water vapour were investigated by varying the relative humidity gradient of storage (50% or 90%) of two paper packaging at 25 °C. These papers differed in their coating surface: both were identically impregnated then supercalendered, and only one was twice coated on both sides with a synthetic barrier substance. Permeability and solubility coefficients were determined. The coating treatment was more effective to decrease the permeabilities of water vapour and ethyl ester than the effect of RH. On the contrary, the RH modified the water content of the treated papers and affected more strongly their permeability and solubility to cis-3-hexenol and benzaldehyde. The cis-3-hexenol transfer through the non-coated paper and the benzaldehyde transfer through the coated paper decreased due to a probable competition with sorbed water although it increases for the cis-3-hexenol of a plasticisation phenomenon.     

羊毛针织物冷转移印花工艺分析

针对羊毛织物采用圆网或平网印花花型不清晰、易堵网,数码喷墨印花易堵塞喷头等问题,文中利用冷转移印花工艺处理羊毛织物,并详细介绍了冷转移印花工艺中的染料选择、印刷、转印、蒸化、水洗工艺,并对工艺进行分析及优化,为羊毛针织物冷转移印花提供参考依据。     

军用涤纶长丝面料热转移印花及功能整理研究

介绍涤纶长丝面料分散染料热转移印花工艺,包括工艺流程、主要技术创新、产品应用等方面。阐述涤纶长丝面料阻燃涂层整理技术,并讨论阻燃剂用量、涂层增重量对整理效果的影响。总结防热红外侦察整理、防雷达波侦察整理、多功能迷彩面料生产及要点。文章表明,化纤长丝纺织产品的发展与国防建设是密切相关、相互促进、相辅相成的。以化纤长丝为基材生产的系列化军用产品是建设强大国防的重要保障。不断深化化纤长丝面料的功能性深度加工具有非常重要的意义。     

Estimation of thermal diffusivity of foods using transfer functions

The effective thermal diffusivity of foodstuffs was estimated from time-temperature histories in the geometric center of samples exposed to heating and cooling processes.Transfer functions methodology was used as an alternative method to estimate the thermal diffusivity assuming that conduction was the main heat transfer mechanism. The samples were characterized as delayed first-order systems with unit gain, dead time (L) and time constant (τ).The results were compared with those obtained from the f_h value and with results reported in the literature.     

一些酯类香料单体在卷烟中转移率的测定

使用同时蒸馏萃取以及气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析方法,对注射加入卷烟中的酯类香料单体,在烟丝中的持留率、滤嘴截留率,以及抽吸后单体在主流粒相、滤嘴和烟蒂中的转移行为进行了分析研究。结果表明,在加香后迅速剥离并处理的卷烟纸和滤嘴中,没有检测到目标单体;沸点较低的单体在烟丝中的持留率较低,异戊酸酯、乙酸酯和乙醇羧酸酯系列香料在烟丝中的持留率、在抽吸后的主流粒相和滤嘴中的转移率大都随着分子量和沸点的增大而增大;肉桂酸酯系列单体在烟丝中的持留率接近100%,在抽吸后的主流粒相、滤嘴中的转移率都相对较高。另外还发现目标单体在烟蒂中的转移率都较低。      

纺细号纱和超细特纤维针布的研究与开发

介绍了梳棉机金属针布设计和选用的基本要素，通过弹性针布与金属针布纺细号纱的对比试验，说明金属针布比弹性针布更适于纺细号纱。详细介绍了超细特纤维的梳理特性和对梳理针布的要求；并介绍了国内外各种纺细号纱、超细特纤维金属针布的规格；讨论了提高道夫针布转移能力的有效措施和高性能时磨锡林针布的研制与开发方向。     

yankee烘缸与高温热风气罩结合用于纸幅干燥节约能量、提高质量和增加产量

该文论述新颖热风气罩与传统yankee烘缸,联合使用于生活用纸纸幅干燥取得很好效果,在提高热风温度25%～30%的情况下使过程的干燥速率加快30%～50%。运种新颖热风气罩是在老式平台的基础上对其结构设计和材料强度进行优化和改进而成,从而能突破传统干燥过程里空气受到温度限制,从而在作业过程里实现节约能量、提高质量和增加产量。