Immobilised yeast grape must deacidification in a recycle fixed bed reactor

Maloalcoholic fermentation (MAF) of grape must by Schizosaccharomyces pombe immobilised in calcium‐alginate double‐layer beads (ProMalic^®) was studied in Erlenmeyer flasks and in a total recycle fixed‐bed reactor operating in batch mode. The reaction is pseudo‐first order with respect to l ‐malic acid and under similar conditions deacidification is faster in the recycle reactor. This was attributed to mass transfer limitations which were confirmed in the recycle reactor by studying the influence of yeast load on the rate of MAF. Mass transfer limitations are also responsible for the lower activation energy of fermentation with the immobilised yeast (67 ± 9 kJ mol^?1) in comparison with the free cells (126 ± 19 kJ mol^?1). Alcoholic fermentation and MAF were performed simultaneously, both in the recycle reactor and in the industrial trials, confirming the efficacy of immobilised S. pombe to reduce grape must acidity without interfering with the main fermentation. Altogether, the present results are useful for the scale‐up of a recycle reactor to process large volumes of grape must.     

FI-KR-FAAS吸力洗脱法测定水样中的痕量镍

建立了流动注射(FI)在线编结反应器(KR)预富集与火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)联用测定水样中痕量镍的吸力洗脱方法。洗脱过程依靠蠕动泵的吸力而不是推力实现洗脱剂的输送,明显降低了被分析物在洗脱过程中的分散,提高了原子吸收信号峰值(A)和浓集系数(EF)。增加了样品溶液排空步骤,保证了每次实验的准确性和重复性。进样流速6.0 mL/min,进样时间60 s,测定水样中的镍,EF由传统洗脱法的4.9提高到9.8,检出限为3.1μg/L,测样频率为41 h-1,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为2.2%,以体积分数0.01%的三乙醇胺(TEA)为掩蔽剂,在水样中的回收率为95.5%～97.8%。     

Optimising by the response surface methodology the enzymatic elimination of clogging of a microfiltration membrane by pectin cake

The aim of this paper, in which clogging occurs on the filter at a constant vacuum pressure and constant pectin weight, is to find the optimal values of the variables, temperature and time, to know the best conditions to reduce this clogging by enzymatic hydrolysis. Moreover, different properties of the compression of the cake in the filter were determined such as the filtering medium total resistance (R_fT), bed porosity (ε) and the cake‐specific resistance (α) at different times and temperatures. The filter area was 0.142 m², and the value of the mass fraction of solids in the filtered suspension (S) was 0.12. Scanning electron microsopy (SEM) analyses were performed. The results showed that the compressive stress corresponding to the cake improves the flow rate in the filtration flux at the optimal temperature and time for the process, where the enzyme reaches its highest activity. The test results of this study can be applied in different system of filters during cross‐flow filtration.     

固定化酵母啤酒连续后发酵工艺

将主发酵进行完毕后的嫩啤酒先离心除去酵母,再经加热处理,冷却后通入装有木片作为固定化酵母载体的固定床反应罐进行连续后酵。通过试验确定工艺条件,并将连续后酵与传统后酵工艺生产的啤酒进行对比。试验结果表明,室温下,固定化16 h为宜,热处理温度为80℃,时间为10 min;设定后发酵温度为10℃,滞留时间为3.1 h,双乙酰还原速度大为提高,缩短了酒龄;经过风味测定和感官品评得出,采用连续后发酵工艺生产的啤酒,品质上无明显缺陷。     

浆式反应器控制阶段的确定

根据宏观动力学的原理，讨论了浆式反应器的各种控制阶段，给出了确定步序、减小各种阻力的措施。     

A Review of Flavour Formation in Continuous Beer Fermentations*

The attractive prospect of a continuous beer fermentation system consists mostly of the accelerated transformation of wort into beer. Although continuous beer fermentation has been studied as a promising technology for several decades, the number of industrial applications is still limited. The major obstacle hindering the extensive industrial exploitation of this technology is the difficulty in achieving the correct balance of sensory compounds in the short time typical for continuous systems. This paper offers an integral view on the particularities of continuous systems, which may impart beer a sensorial character distinct from conventionally fermented counterparts. The main groups of flavour active compounds are discussed from the perspective of possible control strategies by means of process parameters and strain selection.     

IC反应器处理马铃薯淀粉生产废水的试验研究

试验采用超滤-IC反应器-MBR工艺处理马铃薯淀粉生产废水,重点研究了IC反应器处理马铃薯淀粉废水的工艺参数。结果表明,在常温下,当进水COD的质量浓度为6000～9000mg/L、HRT为5h、容积负荷为23.62kg[COD]/(m3·d)时,IC反应器对COD的去除率为91.43%。采用该工艺处理马铃薯淀粉生产废水完全可以达到废水回用的目的。     

厌氧序批式反应器快速启动的影响因素述评

厌氧序批式反应器是第三代新型高速厌氧反应器,其快速启动运行规律的研究相对较少。总结了目前国内外关于ASBR快速启动的研究进展情况,并结合试验成果,论述了ASBR快速启动的影响因素,包括运行方式、搅拌、种泥类型、投加物、反应器构型等方面,以及当前研究中存在的问题。     

腔体内壁脊形凹槽对微波反应器加热效率及均匀性的影响

提出在微波反应器腔体内壁设置脊形凹槽的优化策略,研究在保证加热效率的前提下提升微波加热的均匀性。利用有限元法仿真研究不同凹槽结构参数对微波反应器加热效率和均匀性的影响。研究结果表明:脊型凹槽结构能有效提升微波反应器的加热效率和加热均匀性。优化后微波反应器的加热效率达到98.75%,与微波腔壁光滑时相比,均匀性最大提升幅度达到58.54%。