新型单槽磷酸反应器（RTCB）的开发研究

本文旨在开发一种新型磷酸反应器──具有类似太极图曲线形隔板的单槽双区四桨反应器（ＲＴＣＢ反应器）。首先以自来水和磷石膏为搅拌介质进行冷模实验，冷模实验结果表明，ＲＴＣＢ反应器具有功耗低、悬浮、混合效果好、停留时间分布合理等优点。然后，采用同样的二水物流程工艺条件，选取道尔槽作参照物进行热模实验，热模实验结果表明，相同条件下与道尔槽相比，ＲＴＣＢ槽具有省功、磷石膏结晶环境优越、磷石膏洗涤率稍高等优点，但磷矿萃取率稍低，可望用于湿法磷酸的工业化生产。本文的研究工作将为该反应器的进一步开发应用提供依据。     

大型MOX燃料快堆钠空泡反应性微扰理论研究

钠空泡反应性效应是钠冷快堆核设计和安全分析的重要内容。本文基于多群节块扩散法,采用微扰理论推导出钠空泡反应性的计算方法,对1 000 MWe钠冷快堆MOX燃料堆芯的总钠空泡反应性、空间分布、物理分项进行了计算。结果表明,钠空泡反应性主要来源于中子泄漏的增加和能谱的硬化,两者一正一负,且空间分布规律相反,导致钠空泡反应性具有强烈的空间依赖性;对于所计算的MOX燃料堆芯钠空泡反应性高达3 $左右。计算和分析结果阐明了钠空泡反应性的产生机理和分布规律,可为低钠空泡的设计提供参考。     

高温气冷堆舱室抗商用飞机撞击的耦合数值分析

本文建立了大型商用飞机撞击典型高温气冷堆核电站反应堆舱室的非线性有限元模型,计算中混凝土舱室直接采用工程用钢筋混凝土的损伤塑性本构模型,飞机结构采用Johnson-Cook本构模型。对飞机高速撞击高温气冷堆核电站反应堆舱室非线性撞击过程进行模拟计算,得出正面和侧面撞击条件下的撞击载荷曲线、撞击位移云图、反应堆舱室混凝土破坏情况等结果。评估表明,反应堆舱室结构在撞击条件下的整体损伤微小,可为保护内部关键设备提供重要的屏障功能。     

核反应堆压力容器可靠性分析

本文介绍了反应堆压力容器可靠性的概率分析方法。其主要内容包括初始裂纹、裂纹扩展、载荷条件和物性参数等的概率分布.     

微型中子源堆低浓化堆芯的探讨

通过对２３５Ｕ富集度为１９．９％的ＵＯ２和Ｕ３Ｓｉ２－Ａｌ的弥散体２种燃料进行物理计算，从中筛选出了优化的堆芯方案，并对其静态物理参数，诸如有效倍增因子、绝对中子通量密度、上铍反射层反应性价值、反应性温度系数、控制棒价值等进行了计算。     

Solid solubility of hydrogen in Pb83Li17 alloy: A preliminary investigation

Lead–lithium alloy Pb₈₃Li₁₇ (0.6 wt.% lithium) is a potential candidate to be used as a neutron multiplier, tritium (fuel) breeder and heat transfer agent (coolant) in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Test Reactor (ITER). The tritium produced in the alloy could be soluble in the alloy or appear as a new phase. During reactor shut down condition, Pb₈₃Li₁₇ will be solidified and stored in a storage tank. Investigation on the solubility of tritium in solid Pb₈₃Li₁₇ is essential to quantify the trapped tritium in solid Pb₈₃Li₁₇ alloy to estimate the extent of radioactive contamination (with respect to tritium) and valuable tritium loss. Tritium being the isotope of hydrogen behaves more or less similar to hydrogen. In the present study solid-solubility of hydrogen in Pb₈₃Li₁₇ alloy has been investigated as a function of temperature and pressure. It was found that the hydrogen solubility increases with temperature (373–473 K) and follows the Sieverts law. Hydrogen solution enthalpy has been calculated using Seiverts constant and found to be −4.81 kJ/mole of hydrogen.     

Experimental investigation of natural circulation in a symmetrical loop under large scale rolling motion conditions

In ocean environment, the ship motion significantly affects the natural circulation behavior in ship-based integrated-type reactor. This paper theoretically and experimentally investigated natural circulation characteristics in symmetrical loops under rolling condition. Experiments were carried out on a test loop with a symmetrical configuration by simulating the structure of an accrual reactor. The theoretical results revealed that only angular acceleration contributes to the resultant force under zero power rolling condition. In a closed circuit with a uniform cross-section area, the angular acceleration force integral is proportional to the angular acceleration and the area enclosed by the circuit. The integral value varies over time and causes flow oscillations. However, the angular acceleration force does not influence the flow status in the shared part of the two symmetrical neighbor circuits due to force interactions. Rolling experiments with a zero power load confirmed these results. Full power experiments under rolling condition exhibited observable flow rate and temperature oscillations in each branch of the flow channel. The oscillations in the side flow channels had the same values for both the period and the phase with the variation of rolling angle. The angular acceleration force was the main cause of this. The oscillations in the middle channel had a period half the value of the rolling period. The periodical variation of the vertical component of gravity caused this. The horizontal component of gravity was out-phasing with angular acceleration. Therefore, it alleviated oscillation in the side channels. The experimental results showed that for the same rolling period, as the rolling angle increased, the average flow rate decreased and oscillation amplitudes increased. Also, as the power load increased, the oscillations in the middle channel increased and the oscillation in the side channel decreased.     

脉冲堆控制保护系统设计

脉冲堆有手动、自动、方波和脉冲4种运行方式。对应每种运行方式,提供相应的测量通道并对重要参数进行指示和记录,使操纵员获得必要的信息。保护系统和联锁为反应堆安全运行提供保证。保护系统监测少数几种参数并对测量值进行处理和逻辑选通,以确保反应堆在事故工况时的安全。功率调节系统能实现:以恒定周期升功率和恒速降棒降功率。这样,在启堆或变功率运行时,操纵员只需板动定值开关,堆功率即能自动跟踪定值功率。     

论解决核电安全问题的途径

从现有水冷反应堆核电厂存在堆芯熔化危险这一安全问题的焦点出发,分析了改进型反应堆AP-600、SIR、非能动安全反应堆PIUS和具有固有安全的模块高温气冷堆MHTGR等的安全特性.按照下一代水冷反应堆的设计要求和用户要求,提出了解决水堆核电厂安全问题的新概念——自安全铀氢锆反应堆,该堆型可能成为世界水堆核电发展的一个方问。中国核动力研究设计院正在探讨这种堆型。     

处理污水时膜污染问题的试验研究

根据膜生物反应器中膜污染的几种类型,分析了膜污染形成机理及影响因素,并总结了几种防止和处理膜污染的方法。