A Reducing Saturation Method for DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Image Combining Landsat Data

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS)is one of the data sources,which can effectively reflect human activities of earth surfaces.During the past decade,DMSP/OLS had been extensively applied in urban extraction and extension study.In the recent year,the Vegetation Adjusted NTL Urban Index(VANUI)has been proposed and had proven to be a simple,convenient and high precision desaturation index to extract urban area.In VANUI method,negative values of imagery were directly eliminated to remove water body,which not only removed the bridge over the river and building but also extracted the aquaculture areas along the coast,thus,this method reduced the extraction accuracy.This paper proposed a new index\|RwNTLI,combining DMSP/OLS nighttime light data and the vegetation index (NDVI)and water index (MNDWI)which were constructed by Landsat data.In this study,Guangzhou was taken as experimental area.By comparing the VANUI index with the ability to identify ground objects as well as the ability to alleviate saturation regions,the result showed RwNTLI index could effectively solve the problem of VANUI as well as eliminate saturation effect of nighttime light imagery.Among them,the correlation between RwNTLI index and RCNTL is better than that of VANUI index and RCNTL.Therefore,RwNTLI index is a simple and effective index of luminous desaturation,which has more advantages than VANUI index in describing the characteristics of night lights of urban areas and will have higher application value in urban built\|up areas in the future.     

IBI and CA Model based Extraction of Urban Built\|up Areaand Its Application：A Case Study in Shanghai

At present,the automatic extraction of urban built\|up area is still a problem.Taking Shanghai city as an example,this research uses the binary image,which was derived from an IBI(index\|based built\|up index)image,as the geographical cellular automaton initial input data.This was then imported to the extended cellular automata model for further processing.After a series of processing such as thresholding,corrosion and connectivity test,the urban built\|up area was simulated and can be extracted.Based on this method,the urban built\|up area of Shanghai in five different years between 1987 and 2015 was extracted using multi\|temporal Landsat images of Shanghai.In addition,the urban growth intensity index,the concentric buffers analysis and radar chart analysis were calculated and used to analysis spatiotemporal pattern of Shanghai urban expansion in the 28 study years.The result shows that the built\|up area of Shanghai was expanded from 195 km² in 1987 to 1759 km² in 2015,which is eight times as large as that in 1987.In the period between 1987 and 2002,the urban built\|up area expanded mainly along the North\|South axis of the Huangpu River.However,after 2002 the expansion rate was increased more quickly,and the direction of the expansion was shifted to an east to west direction.Generally speaking,Shanghai has experienced a rapid urban expansion in the recent three decades.     

Exploring indicators for quantifying surface urban heat islands of European cities with MODIS land surface temperatures

The term urban heat island describes the phenomenon of altered temperatures in urban areas compared to their rural hinterlands. A surface urban heat island encompasses the patterns of land surface temperatures in urban areas. The classical indicator to describe a surface urban heat island is the difference between urban and rural surface temperatures. However, several other indicators for this purpose have been suggested in the literature. In this study, we compared the eleven different indicators for quantifying surface urban heat islands that were most frequently used in recent publications on remote sensing-based urban heat island assessments. The dataset used here consists of 263 European cities with monthly mean temperatures from MODIS data products for July 2002, January 2003 and July 2003. We found that (i) the indicators individually reveal diurnal and seasonal patterns but show rather low correlations over time, and (ii) for single points in time, the different indicators show only weak correlations, although they are supposed to quantify the same phenomenon. Differentiating cities according to thermal climate zones increased the relationships between the indicators. Thus, we can identify temporal aspects and indicator selection as important factors determining the estimation of urban heat islands. We conclude that research should take into account the differences and instabilities of the indicators chosen for quantifying surface urban heat islands and should use several indicators in parallel for describing the surface urban heat island of a city.     

Emphasizing the rank positions in a distance-based aggregation procedure

This paper deals with the problem of aggregating individual preferences in order to obtain a social order. In particular, a preference aggregation procedure is proposed for those cases in which the decision-makers express their preferences by means of a ranking of alternatives. Among the most commonly applied methods for this purpose are those based on distance measures between individual and collective preferences, which look for the solution that minimizes the disagreement across decision-makers. This class of procedures may include weighting factors in order to emphasize the relative importance of the individuals. In the model proposed here, a weighted disagreement function that computes the differences between alternatives differentiating the rank positions of the alternatives is developed. The proposed disagreement function weighs the differences between orders depending on the ordinal position that the alternative occupies.     

多主体系统的建模技术研究

为了有利于多主体系统的开发,目前急需一种系统建模技术来对系统复杂性进行行之有效的管理。由于面向对象的建模技术已经趋向成熟,该文在面向对象的建模方法的基础上阐述了一种面向主体的建模方法。该方法针对基于一种特定BDI结构的主体,它包括从内部观点建构信念、目标、计划模型（ 即所谓的BDI模型 ）和从外部观点建构单个主体模型和交互模型。而且,该方法也能容易地进行扩展并应用于其他结构的主体建模。文章对各个模型的建造作出了详细介绍。     

市政设施管理信息系统的面向对象设计与实现

根据对面向对象分析,设计与建模及可复用构件理论的研究,结合在软件开发中的实践经验,采用当前面向对象领域最为流行的统一建模语言进行系统的建模,开了一套科学,的“市政设施管理系统”从而使得市政部门能迅速掌握市政设施的基本情况,产能及时,准确地作出科学的决策。     

基于VB的模型组态仿真软件的技术研究

介绍了利用Visual Basic开发对象模型组态仿真软件的一些技术,主要包括用户界面的建立、创建并调用ActiveX控制实现I／O操作及与使用控件建立与访问历史数据数据库,最后给出仿真实例界面。     

Subacute proteome changes following traumatic injury of the developing brain: Implications for a dysregulation of neuronal migration and neurite arborization

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents. To gain insight into developmental events influenced by TBI, we analyzed subacute mouse brain proteome changes in a percussion head trauma model at P7 ipsi- and contralateral to the site of injury. The comparison of brain proteomes of trauma mice and controls revealed reproducible changes in the intensity of 28 proteins (30 protein spots) in response to trauma. The changes detected suggest that TBI leads to apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These changes were consistent with our results of histological and biochemical evaluation of the brains which revealed widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration, microglia activation, and increased levels of protein carbonyls. Furthermore, we detected changes in proteins involved in neuronal migration as well as axonal and dendritic growth and guidance, suggesting interference of trauma with these developmental events.     

Sustainable Development and Management of Water Resources for Urban Water Supply in Hong Kong

Abstract

Hong Kong, now a Special Administrative Region of China, is a very special and unique place in the world. Although the territory is located in the humid subtropics, local water resources are very limited because of its geographical setting and physical environment. Hong Kong's urban water supply has its uniqueness and has gone through a history of developing local resources and transferring water from the East River (Dongjiang) basin in mainland China over the past half century. This paper aims to present the experience and challenges in developing water supplies and managing water resources in Hong Kong. First, the availability of local water resources is evaluated in the context of the territory's geographical setting. Second, the approaches adopted for developing urban water supply from local resources and more importantly, by making use of water imported from the Dongjiang, are presented and reviewed. Finally, a number of sustainability issues in Hong Kong's urban water supply are addressed with an emphasis on the problems and prospect of the Dongjiang water resources in the future