老工业园区的改造升级、转型发展策略初探--以赣州沙河工业园为例

沙河工业园经过十余年的发展，取得了较好的成绩。但随着城市总体规划的修编，沙河工业园在区域发展中的地位、角色，发生了重大的变化，园区发展面临转型、升级的新形势。本文以沙河工业园为例，提出了针对老工业园的改造升级、转型发展的策略。     

现代港口与城市发展的关系——以江苏省镇江市为例

镇江是一座历史文化名城，素有“天下第一江山”之美誉，它的形成发展与其港口是密不可分的。本文从镇江港口空间形态、城市空间形态、港口与城市发展的关系为切入点，寻求港城空间发展对策。     

Power-to-Gas integration in the Transition towards Future Urban Energy Systems

Temperature levels play a key role in the thermal energy demand of urban contexts affecting their associated primary energy consumption and Renewable Energy Fraction. A Smart Heating strategy accounts for those supply features requiring new solutions to be effectively renewable and to solve the RES capacity firming. Power-to-Gas (P2G) is the way to decarbonize the energy supply chain as fraction of Hybrid fuels, combination of fossil ones and Renewable Hydrogen, as immediate responsive storage solution. While, Power-To-Heat is conceived as the strategy to modernize the high and medium temperature heating systems by electricity-driven machines to switch from Fuel-to-Heat to Electricity-to-Heat solutions. The authors investigated on different urban energy scenarios at RES share increase from 25% up to 50% in the energy mix to highlight strengths and weaknesses of the P2G applications. Primary Energy Consumption was chosen as the objective function. Three Reference Cities were chosen as reference scenarios. Moreover, the analytical models of P2G was designed and implemented in the reference energy system. The results of the twelve scenarios, four for each Reference City were evaluated in terms of amount of Renewable Heat delivered. Finally, the interaction between P2G and renewable heat production was evaluated.     

City profile: Berlin

Berlin is a German city and federal state, situated in the heart of Europe. It has been the capital city since 1991, and is the largest city in the country with around 3.4 million inhabitants. This profile explains Berlin’s historical development and emphasizes changes which took place during the 20th century (the Weimar period in the 1920s, followed by the Nazi takeover in 1933 and the city’s destruction during World War II, then the division of the city into West Berlin and East Berlin, until its final reunification in 1990 after the Wall fell down). After reunification, Berlin experienced a new period of urban redevelopment in which many new buildings were constructed. This profile also outlines some recent positive changes in terms of Berlin’s economic growth and its transformation into the capital of innovative new companies in the digital, culture and media industries.     

Parking at the UC campus: Problems and solutions

This study underscores the importance of adopting integrated parking management policies that ensure not only more rational use of the available parking spaces, evenly balancing supply and demand and bringing in revenues to cover the parking facilities costs, but also the improved attractiveness of alternative transportation modes. Parking supply and demand flows within the UC campus are estimated. The results indicate that the parking facility is underpriced and that there is overcrowding. To reflect critically on these issues and identify research areas to address their socioeconomic implications, a survey regarding the characterization of campus commuters and their travel options is presented. Logistic regression modelling is applied to determine the relative importance of UC campus commuters’ attributes in their level of willingness to pay to have reserved parking on the campus. Finally, some policy proposals are discussed.     

Making urban real estate markets work for the poor: Theory, policy and practice

This paper explores the relationship between theory, policy and practice, linking urban real estate markets and poverty alleviation. The paper argues that the contribution of urban real estate markets to poverty alleviation has not been optimised due, in part, to inadequate or inappropriate policy. The article attributes this to conceptual and methodological problems arising from the traditional neoclassical analysis of urban real estate markets, ambivalence to the idea that freer markets in real estate are a good thing for the urban poor and insufficient regard to lessons of experience from years of implementing urban anti-poverty land projects. Based on new analytical perspectives provided by institutional economics, this paper proposes specific policy interventions more likely to facilitate pro-poor outcomes in urban real estate markets.     

区域协调视角下昌九一体化城镇体系规划探索

昌九一体化建设基于区域协调的理念,在充分分析一体化发展可能性的基础上,分析一体化建设中存在的问题,通过构建地区经济发展、城镇体系发展、基础设施发展和生态格局发展四方面的协调发展格局,引导产业转移,消除城市间体制和政策壁垒,实现主体功能定位清晰、城市间良性互动、公共服务和人民生活水平差距趋向缩小、生态格局完善的协调发展,使江西省积极融入国家区域战略中,推动新一轮的经济增长。     

Integrating an urban green space typology into procedural 3D visualization for collaborative planning

Urban green spaces offer multiple ecosystem services (ES), which provide a variety of benefits to human well-being. Yet in urban planning they are not taken into account systematically. Recently new tools have been developed integrating ES into procedural modeling and visualization to raise stakeholder awareness for the explicit ES trade-offs that have to be made. These tools yet do not allow fast and comprehensive integration of ES provision in urban environments. In this paper we show how urban green space typologies can be linked to ES provision for facilitating collaboration between stakeholders of different backgrounds. Based on a generic typology green spaces were mapped and linked with information on potentially provided ES and their parameters. Further, pattern designs of the green space types were described with a form-based code. Both the map of green space types and the pattern designs were integrated into the parametric modeling and visualization chain of Esri CityEngine resulting in 3D visualizations of the green space patterns and correlating ES indicators. The green space typology allows for integrating different kinds of knowledge from both science and practice communities. The procedural model enables rapid interactive visualization of urban patterns and calculation of simple indicator values on the provision of ES. The simple approach for mapping green space types with low data requirements and the generic green space design patterns allow for transferability to other places and application to large areas. The developed approach is simple and fast yet comprehensive to communicate the vital importance of all green space types within the urban environment.     

Distance-dependent depth-duration analysis in high-resolution hydro-meteorological ensemble forecasting: A case study in Malmö City,Sweden

In 2014, a cloudburst hit Malmö City and parts of the city were severely flooded. In this study, we assess the possibility to forecast this event by high-resolution ensemble rainfall-runoff modelling. Meteorological reforecasts are generated by the convection-permitting HarmonEPS model and the hydrological response is simulated by the HYPE model. Although the meteorological forecasts manage to reproduce the observed extreme rainfall intensities, due to location errors only a weak, low-probability signal of a high runoff in Malmö City is obtained in direct forecasts. To describe and visualize the spatial uncertainty of local rainfall extremes in forecasts, and construct hydrological model forcing representing “worst-case ensembles”, an approach called Distance-Dependent Depth-Duration in Forecasts (4DF) is proposed. In this approach, a depth-duration analysis is combined with a neighborhood approach to describe rainfall severity as a function of distance from the basin. The results demonstrated the applicability of the approach for improved situation awareness.     

An analysis of the influence of urban form on energy consumption by individual consumption behaviors from a microeconomic viewpoint

Using 1997 personal trip survey (PTS) data in the Kumamoto metropolitan area, this paper examined the influence of urban form on energy consumption through an energy estimation model from a microeconomic perspective. As all goods and service are assumed to satisfy the need of people, we estimated the individual energy consumption based on the demand of goods, which is explained by a utility maximization problem constrained by income. 52.84 GJ of energy is estimated for one person one year in Kumamoto metropolitan area. 19.57% of energy is used for mobility goods. A spatial regression was performed to analyze the relationship between energy efficiency and urban form characteristics in terms of density, diversity, and accessibility. The results of regression analysis show that employment density, ratio of employee in retail department, transit fare, and distance to city center are the most influential factors of energy efficiency. Findings suggest compact development and integrated policies for increasing employment density, especially, employment proportion of local residents are suggested. Moreover, measures to improve the attractiveness of mass transit should be encouraged to increase energy efficiency in Kumamoto.