Wood characterization for energy application proceeding from pruning Morus alba L., Platanus hispanica Münchh. and Sophora japonica L. in urban areas

Pruning urban forests generates significant amounts of lignocellulosic biomass every year. The energy potential of this biomass is unclear. The aim of this research was direct analysis of the gross calorific value (GCV), elemental composition and moisture content of Morus alba L., Platanus hispanica Münchh. and Sophora japonica L. by means of laboratory equipment. This analysis allowed for further development of indirect GCV prediction models which are economically attractive and less time consuming to direct analysis. These models presented high coefficients of determination (R² 0.66–0.96). It has been determined that the species with highest mean GCV is S. japonica L. (19615.68 kJ/kg-dry sample) whereas the one with the lowest is the M. alba L. (18192.87 kJ/kg-dry sample). Elemental analysis showed highest carbon (48.22%), hydrogen (6.17%) and nitrogen (1.16%) content in S. japonica L. in dry samples. Sulfur was constant at the level 0.05% for all analyzed species. Also percentage of bark and wood density were determined. Mean percentage of bark was highest for P. hispanica Münchh. (13.05%) while wood density was highest for S. japonica L. (0.86 g cm⁻³). This way the research has proven that the biomass produced by pruning urban forests appears to be an interesting source of renewable energy.     

谈繁峙文化中心的方案设计

根据繁峙文化中心独特的山川地势及其历史文化积淀,对如何融入城市空间秩序,塑造独特的建筑形象,营造高质量的户外活动场所进行了分析研究,并对该文化中心的方案设计要点进行了论述,以构建出繁峙文化中心独一无二的场所精神。     

基于都市发展阶段论的城市居住隔离研究

本文归纳并总结我国居住隔离研究的现状,从研究成果及应用性、研究层面及针对性和规划对策三方面评述居住隔离研究存在的问题,在此基础上引入并剖析都市发展阶段论与居住隔离的内在关联,结合我国城市化特点构建基于都市发展阶段论的居住隔离研究框架,探讨我国居住隔离问题的应对策略,并着重论述框架中各类居住隔离问题的混居措施。     

烃源岩生排烃理论研究与泥页岩油气

泥页岩油气的研究与勘探,必然涉及到烃源岩生排烃理论.但目前的干酪根热降解晚期生烃学说,是在油页岩热解生成页岩油概念基础上的提升,其理论明显脱离石油地质演化过程的实际,以该学说为指导研制的盆地模拟方法计算的油气资源量,表示的是烃源岩总有机碳全部热解生成石油的总量,即所谓的生油(烃)潜量,不是实际的生油量.通常含油气盆地都经历了持续沉降、整体上升、全面萎缩三个明显不同的发育阶段,盆地每个发展阶段都与成烃成藏过程有密切的关联,因此成盆成烃成藏是一个相辅相成、统一的石油地质演化过程.在持续沉降阶段,主要烃源岩基本上实现了成烃过程；整体上升阶段是盆地油气成藏的重要时期,并导致油气运移；全面萎缩阶段继续成烃完善成藏,不仅使整体上升阶段形成的油气藏继续充注油气,而且形成新的油气藏.干酪根热降解生成的石油受烃源岩(泥质岩)的孔隙空间限制,即烃源岩生油是在有限空间中进行的.通过确定烃源岩孔隙体积及其含油度等可定量计算烃源岩的生油量；通过盆地整体上升前后的烃源岩孔隙体积的变小量等可定量计算烃源岩的排油量.利用自行研制的DK-Ⅱ型地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟实验仪,开展了盆地持续沉降阶段烃源岩有限空间生烃模拟实验研究.要了解泥页岩油气的特征,必须从盆地的演化阶段及其与成烃成藏的密切关联入手.     

广州市地下空间开发利用的展望

分析了国内外地下空间开发利用现状，概述了广州市地下空间开发利用情况，预测了广州市未来地下空间发展方向，提出了广州市地下空间开发利用的可持续发展策略，对广州市地下空间开发利用具有一定的参考意义。     

大型公建入口外部空间的景观一体化设计——以福州海峡国际会展中心景观设计为例

本文以海峡国际会展中心景观设计为例,探讨如何通过延伸城市空间机理与职能、与建筑空间形态密接、合理组织交通活动与停留空间、有机融合自然景观等方式,实现大型公建入口外部空间与城市空间的景观一体化设计。     

Realistic eight-port homodyne detection and covariant phase space observables

We consider the quantum optical eight-port homodyne detection scheme in the case that each of the associated photon detectors is assigned with a different quantum efficiency. We give a mathematically rigorous and strictly quantum mechanical proof of the fact that the measured observable (positive operator measure) in the high-amplitude limit is a smearing of the covariant phase space observable related to the ideal measurement, that is, the measurement performed with fully efficient detectors. The result is proved for an arbitary parameter field. Furthermore, we investigate some properties of the measured observable. In particular, we show that detector inefficiencies do not affect the observable's ability to distinguish between different states.     

Systematic design space exploration using a template-based ontological method

The realization of complex engineered systems using models that are typically incomplete, inaccurate and not of equal fidelity requires the understanding and prediction of process behavior in design. This necessitates the need for extending designer’s abilities in making design decisions that are robust, flexible and modifiable particularly in the early stages of design. To address this requirement, we propose in this paper, an ontology for design space exploration and a template-based ontological method that supports systematic design space exploration ensuring the determination of the right combination of design information that meets the different goals and requirements set for a process chain. Using the proposed method, a designer is able to (1) systematically adjust the design space in due time to manage the risks of errors accumulating and propagating during the design of different stages of the process chain, (2) improve the ability to communicate and understand the interactions between design information in the process chain. We achieve the said through (1) procedure for design space exploration is identified to determine the sequence of activities needed for the systematic exploration of design space under uncertainty; (2) the decision-based design information flow is archived using the design space exploration process template and represented by utilizing frame-based ontology to facilitate the management of re-usable information. We demonstrate the efficacy of this template-based ontological method for design space exploration by carrying out the design of a multi-stage hot rod rolling system in steel manufacturing process chain.     

彼得·卒姆托的材料观念及其影响下的建筑设计方法初探

彼得·卒姆托对建造材料的精准把握以及诗性塑造是其作品成功原因之一。本文试图通过分析其材料观念的核心原则以及此观念在场地、空间、建造三向维度上的表现，探索卒姆托的材料观念对其建筑设计方法的影响。     

Modelling and development of recycled water conditioning of copper-molybdenum ores processing

Current use of enrichment and processing technologies of ores requires the introduction of closed circuits of water treatment. A decrease in technological properties is caused by accumulations of ion-molecular components in the circulating water. The objective of the simulation is to determine the maximum allowable concentrations of ions and molecules as well as the choice of conditions for deposition or adsorption. First of all, our examinations decrease the concentration of copper ions and fatty acids in the circulating water. By pre-mixing water with the highest concentration of these ions, a reduction of copper ion and fatty acid concentrations in the recycled water occurs. The results do not only ensure the achievement of the maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of copper and iron, significantly reducing the amount of oxidized copper, they also make it possible to use the united sewage as current water for the flotation process. Mixing and adding filtrate of tailings, discharges of urban wastewater treatment and effluent of ash pit of thermal power stations (TPS) to recycled water causes an increase in the capacity of the enrichment plant by 15–17%.