Envelopes with microplastics generated from recycled plastic bags for crude oil sorption

Oil spill accidents in marine environments and the lack of disposal of post-consumer plastic are environmental problems worldwide. This study presents a sustainable alternative for both issues through envelopes filled with microplastics (MPs) from recycled bags for the sorption of spilled crude oil. Through particle size analysis by three different sieves (4, 9, and 20 mesh), different MP sizes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), density, contact angle (CA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to their sizes, the MPs were distributed in envelopes and submitted to crude oil sorption capacity and efficiency evaluation. Three MP particle sizes were obtained (from the largest to the smallest, according to the sieve mesh, MP4, MP9, and MP20). SEM images of samples exhibited irregular and porous surfaces, and MP4 had the smallest pore size (8.6 μm). BET showed that MP4 had the highest surface area (0.074 m²/g). The CA > 90° exposed that all samples were hydrophobic. FTIR spectrum demonstrated that the samples from the recycled bags were made of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The MP4 envelopes also had the best crude oil sorption results in capacity and efficiency (1.73 g/g and 68%, respectively), being a promising recycled sorbent in crude oil spillage applications.     

Upcycling of polypropylene with various concentrations of peroxydicarbonate and dilauroyl peroxide and two processing steps

The influence of two peroxides (peroxydicarbonate/dilauroyl peroxide) with various concentrations (10–200 mmol/kg PP) and their effective opportunity to introduce long chain branched (LCB) were investigated. The dependence of a single and double extrusion step and the changes of the properties were studied. Experiments were carried out in a single screw extruder at 180°C for the first extrusion step (modification) and at 240°C for the second extrusion step (processing simulation). Melt flow rate and dynamic rheological properties were studied at a measuring temperature of 230°C. For the definitive determination of long chain branched polypropylene (LCB-PP) served the extensional rheology measurements. The mechanical properties were examined via tensile test and impact tensile test. Summarized, LCB (melt strength) could be observed via extensional rheology for all modified specimens and the mechanical properties were maintained or even improved for the modified samples. Particularly, samples containing dilauroyl peroxide display excellent mechanical properties in this study.     

废旧家用电器塑料资源化利用及发展趋势

塑料是家用电器中广泛使用的原材料,如何高效高值地回收利用废旧家用电器塑料是至关重要的问题。各种塑料依据其性能优势在家电产品中得到广泛应用,并呈现轻量、健康和环保的发展趋势。通过对我国废塑料再生行业的政策和标准进行梳理和分析,综述了废塑料回收利用现状。最后,提出了发展建议：在生产者责任延伸制度的推动下,废旧家用电器塑料行业可采用智能化高效分选设备与复合处理工艺提升资源化利用价值;开展再生塑料行业的相关标准化工作;构建与完善再生材料的应用市场;加强生态设计提升原生塑料的可再生利用性。     

以回收聚酯为主要原料的PET/PE合金片材的研制及应用

以自制接枝共聚相容剂,将回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（rPET）分别与全新线性低密度聚乙烯（PE?LLD）和回收聚乙烯（rPE?HD）共混改性,采用具备免干燥和侧面强制喂料系统的同向双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出rPET/PE合金片材（rPET与PE质量比为80∶20）,研究了不同厚度合金片材的性能。结果表明,使用rPET制备的合金片材产品外观品质保持较好; rPET/PE合金片材具有良好的力学性能,其中拉伸强度大于39 MPa,断裂伸长率随片材厚度增加而递减,厚度为2.5 mm的rPET/rPE合金片材拉伸强度为39.7 MPa,断裂伸长率为21 %,冲击强度为12 kJ/m²,适合应用于吸塑箱包、土工格室等;免干燥和侧面强制喂料系统,可以减少合金片材加工流程,节约能源,设备产量提了117 %。     

Cold gas dynamic manufacturing: A non-thermal approach to freeform fabrication

This paper reports on the development of a novel freeform fabrication technique using a cold spray (CS) system. In the CS process, metallic powder particles are accelerated in a supersonic gas jet and impacted with a substrate at speeds in excess of 600 m/s. The non-melting nature of its deposition mechanism ensures that the sprayed material is free from thermally induced tensile stresses, while the underlying substrate remains unchanged. The process is seen as a viable method for additive manufacturing because of its high deposition rates and controllable spray jet. A process was developed to investigate the potential of non-thermal freeform fabrication and was coined Cold Gas Dynamic Manufacturing (CGDM). Here, additive and subtractive techniques were combined to enable the production of complex geometries. Whereas most CS facilities concentrate on the application of wear or corrosion-resistant coatings, CGDM is dedicated to the production of freeform components, whilst still retaining an inherent coating ability. The process can produce functional forms using novel manufacturing strategies that are unique to CS. This paper presents information on the process, and details the various strategies employed during component fabrication. It was possible to construct components from many materials, including titanium, which exhibited freeform surfaces, internal channels and embedded devices. A breakdown of the process economics is also provided, with and without helium recycling.     

赤泥粉煤灰免烧砖工艺配方研究

利用铝厂赤泥、自备电厂粉煤灰为主要原料研制了免烧砖。自然养护的赤泥免烧砖28d达到了非烧结鲁通粘土砖标准JC／T 422—1991（1996）中15级要求。实验结果表明，各原料的最佳配比总结为：赤泥，25％～40％；粉煤灰，18％～28％；骨料，30％～35％；石灰，8％～10％；石膏，2％～3％；水泥，1％。赤泥粉煤灰免烧砖有望成为粘土烧结砖的替代产品。     

论旧砂再生及工艺设备

针对日趋发展的树脂砂、水玻璃砂工艺中旧砂再生回用的有关问题进行探讨；分析旧砂形成机理、旧砂再生工艺和成套设备的应用。     

Predictive control of an activated sludge process: An application to the Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant

In this work, we discuss the application of multivariable predictive control for the activated sludge process in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. Emphasis is given to the selection of a control configuration that contributes to minimising the economic costs while improving the removal efficiency of the nitrogen compounds. For this task, a simple dynamic matrix control algorithm is favoured for controlling the nitrogen concentrations at the end of the biological process. The behaviour of the activated sludge process is reproduced in a commercial simulator that acts as a real-time testing platform and that is also used for identifying the multivariable input–output models for the predictive controller. For demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach, different control configurations are considered and compared against the aeration control strategies currently used at the plant. Based on the simulation results, this work shows the potentiality of the dynamic matrix control which is able to decrease the energy consumption costs and, at the same time, reduce the ammonia peaks and nitrate concentration in the effluent.     

污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化优化设计与运行探讨

对国内典型的污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化系统进行调研发现,厌氧消化系统的运行管理尚存在诸多问题。在总结白龙港污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化调试与运行管理经验的基础上,针对厌氧消化工艺存在的普遍性问题,提出了厌氧消化系统设计和运行管理方面的建议,以促进工艺设计优化,提高运行管理水平。     

污水处理厂有毒有害及易燃易爆气体在线监测系统建设与应用

小红门污水处理厂是较早建设有毒有害及易燃易爆气体在线监测系统的污水处理厂之一.介绍了小红门污水处理厂监测系统的建设背景、实施方案及应用效果.系统包括在线检测、视频检测、广播等3个子系统.系统的应用促进了安全生产,有利于保障职工职业健康,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益.建议城镇污水处理厂的设计中增设此种监测系统.