室温下离子液体中间体1-(3’-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑盐的合成

在室温条件下合成离子液体中间体1-(3’-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑盐。反应条件为:以丙酮为溶剂,1,3-丙磺酸内酯与N-甲基咪唑(1∶1.1,摩尔比)为原料,在室温下搅拌反应4 h。过滤后,向反应母液中可直接加入等摩尔比的两种反应原料循环使用。所得产品颗粒均匀,结晶度好。一次反应的产率为57.8%,滤液循环4次的总产率可达95%。以IR、1HNMR和MS表征产品的结构。该方法在室温进行,反应母液循环利用,具有操作简单、节约能源和溶剂用量少等优点。     

Investigation of the effects of recycled engine oil bottoms on asphalt field performance following an oxidation modeling approach

This work investigates the effects of recycled engine oil bottoms (REOBs) on asphalt field performance by comparing asphalts with and without REOBs in terms of the asphalt properties required for pavement oxidation modeling. Specifically, oxidation reaction kinetics parameters, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) function (DSRFn) hardening susceptibility (HS), and low sheer viscosity (LSV) HS are determined and compared for base binder, 5 wt.% REOBs, and 15 wt.% REOBs blends. At the higher percentage, addition of REOBs appears to increase the initial oxidation rate at field temperatures and significantly increases LSV HS, but does not significantly increase the DSRFn HS. A field modeling example elucidates the effects.     

预制梁散喷养生及水循环方法的探讨

对预制梁散喷养生及水循环方法的适用范围作了简述,分析了其工艺原理,并对预制梁分散喷水养生循环利用施工方法进行了详细论述,包括施工准备、场区排水设置、喷水管道设置等环节,以很好地解决水源紧缺、水分蒸发快等养生难题。     

沥青路面再生技术浅析

针对传统沥青路面养护方法工作量大、成本高、污染环境等弊端,介绍了国内外沥青路面再生技术的发展及应用,重点阐述了沥青路面再生技术的分类及与传统沥青路面养护方法相比所具有的技术经济优势,以期促进沥青路面再生技术的推广应用。     

Incorporation of postconsumer polyurethane foam into a polymer/clay aerogel matrix

The feasibility of incorporating ground recycled polyurethane (PU) foam into clay/polymer aerogels was demonstrated, and a range of compositions were prepared and characterized to determine the effect of variation in the formulations on density and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. This study followed a modified combinatorial approach. Initially, experiments were performed in water using either sodium exchanged montmorillonite or laponite clay, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) solution as the polymer binder, and the recycled PU foam. Freezing and freeze‐drying the aqueous gels produced aerogels, which were characterized through density and mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The study was expanded by exploring alternative binder chemistries, including the use of an alginate polymer in place of the PVOH or adding a polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent for PVOH. The effect of recycled PU foam content, clay type and level, and binder type and level on the mechanical properties of the aerogels were determined and will be discussed herein. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42586.     

Decomposition mechanisms of cured epoxy resins in near‐critical water

A reaction mechanism based on the near‐critical water homolysis of bonds in the cured epoxy followed by the saturation of the resulting radicals by hydrogen abstraction from the donor was discussed. The compounds evolved during degradation were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometer. The materials prepared possess the characteristics of thermosets, due to the presence of ether groups in the polymer chains, which were broken at the beginning of degradation. The degradability increased when the reaction time and reaction temperature increased. Based on the experimental results, a probable macroscopic mechanism was proposed. The near‐critical water degradation mechanisms of polymers consist of three categories: random scission, unzipping, and side group elimination, which simultaneously occurs in the reactor. The first random scission of links caused a molecular weight reduction of the raw polymer, the second side‐group elimination caused the generation of the volatile product, and the last unzipping produced either fragmentation to smaller oligomeric units or unzipping all the way to monomers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41648.     

动力电池回收及梯次利用研究现状

随着传统能源与环境矛盾的日益突出,电动汽车已经越来越普及。然而,电动汽车淘汰下来的剩余容量为80%左右的动力电池的回收以及梯次利用成为了一个关键问题。综述了电动汽车用动力电池的回收与梯次利用研究进展,并对发展方向进行了展望。     

Feasibility of recycled newspaper as cellulose source for regenerated cellulose membrane fabrication

An environmental friendly regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) was successfully prepared via NaOH/urea aqueous solution system by utilizing recycled newspaper (RNP) as the cellulose source. The morphological and chemical structure of resulting membrane were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results from FTIR and XRD verified that the transparent RCM possesses cellulose II structure. SEM observation revealed that the transparent RCM consist of homogeneous dense symmetric membrane structure and composed of a skin layer with mean roughness parameter R_a, obtained from AFM analysis of 29.53 nm. Pure water flux, water content, water contact angle, porosity, and pore size of the resulting membrane were also measured. This study promotes the potential of the cellulose‐based membrane obtained from low cost cellulose source for application in filtration and separation system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42684.     

Characterization of recycled styrene butadiene rubber ground tire rubber: Combining X‐ray fluorescence,differential scanning calorimetry,and dynamical thermal analysis for quality control

Appraisal of the main rubber characterization techniques for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was performed on standard SBR samples as well as recycled ground tire rubber (GTR) from an industrial tire recycling facility, containing a blend of SBR and natural rubber. The aim of the work was to provide additional information relevant to quality control in the field of rubber recycling. Benchmark characterization of industrial samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, solid‐state proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental (CHNS) analysis are reported. X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry is shown to be rapid and quantitative for determining the zinc content in an industrial context. Thermogravimetric analysis, already used to determine carbon black and inorganic material content in rubbers and GTR, is recommended for determination of monomer weight ratios of SBR sources not containing other rubbers, but not for GTR. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the glass‐transition show that changes in monomer ratio affect glass‐transition temperature values, and therefore, DSC can be used to detect changes in rubber composition from batch to batch. These results show that DSC and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy characterization techniques can be used for GTR and may lead to more thorough and rapid quality control procedures of these complex samples. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42692.     

A new application of giant reed waste material for ammonium removal

Excess nitrogen is one of the main causes of eutrophication in water bodies. In this study, the undesirable agricultural lignocellulosic material giant reed was used to remove ammonium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various parameters such as contact time, initial ammonium concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, particle size, agitation rate and phosphate coexisting during the ammonium adsorption process. The ammonium sorption capacity of fibrous giant reed (FGR) at equilibrium was 12.49?mg?N/g with a maximum removal efficiency of 76% observed within 30?min at pH range of 6.5–9.5. Results revealed that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted better with the sorption process than the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FT-IR analyses indicated that complexation and ion exchange could be the main mechanisms for the ammonium removal by FGR. Results revealed that FGR has a sorption capacity comparable to that of other natural sorbents with the advantage of greater availability with no cost.