Facile preparation of magnetic chitosan modified with thiosemicarbazide for adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solution

In this study, magnetic chitosan modified with thiosemicarbazide (TSC‐Fe₃O₄/CTS) was facilely synthesized with glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker, and its application for removal of Cu(II) ions was investigated. The as‐prepared TSC‐Fe₃O₄/CTS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that TSC‐Fe₃O₄/CTS has high adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Cu(II) ions. Adsorption experiments were carried out with different parameters such as pH, solution temperature, contact time and initial concentration of Cu(II) ions. The adsorption process was better described by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The sorption equilibrium data was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) ions was 256.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of Cu(II) ions was exothermic spontaneous reaction. Moreover, this adsorbent showed excellent reusability and the adsorption property remained stable after five cycles. This adsorbent is believed to be one of the promising and favorable adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44528.     

Processing and properties of an ethylene–vinyl acetate blend foam incorporating ethylene–vinyl acetate and polyurethane waste foams

Waste polyurethane foam (w‐PU) and waste ethylene–vinyl acetate foam (w‐EVA) were used as fillers for the production of an ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) blend foam. Two different foaming techniques (single‐stage and heat–chill processes) were used for this purpose. The waste foam concentration was varied up to 30 wt % of the original EVA. The physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the filled foam were studied. The single‐stage process produced blend foams with a lower density and a greater cell size than the foams obtained by the heat–chill process. The density and compression strength of the blend foam increased as the percentage of w‐PU foam increased. However, for the w‐EVA/EVA blend foams, the addition of w‐EVA foam did not significantly affect the density or compression strength compared to the original EVA foams. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44708.     

Ozone Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Monitored by Conventional and Substance Specific Wastewater Analyses

Ozone is an unstable and highly reactive gas applied in drinking water or wastewater treatment to oxidize and/or mineralize pollutants. Its application in wastewater treatment leads to a destruction of persistent pollutants combined with an improvement of biodegradability. The oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds in tannery wastewater at different pHs applying O₃ was studied. Results after O₃-treatment were determined by conventional wastewater parameters, e.g., total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days (BOD₅), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as by substance-specific mass spectrometric analytical techniques, i.e., gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography—mass and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS and—MSⁿ). In parallel, variations in the toxicity of the tannery wastewater against water organisms before and after O₃-treatment were determined by means of biotoxicity testing, i.e., Daphnia magna Straus and Vibrio fischeri bioassays.     

Integration of biofuels intermediates production and nutrients recycling in the processing of a marine algae

The cost‐effective production of liquid biofuels from microalgae is limited by several factors such as recovery of the lipid fractions as well as nutrients management. Flash hydrolysis, a rapid hydrothermal process, has been successfully applied to fractionate the microalgal biomass into solid biofuels intermediates while recovering a large amount of the nutrients in the aqueous phase (hydrolyzate) in a continuous flow reactor. The aim of the work is to enhance the quality of a high‐ash containing marine algae Nannochloropsis gaditana as biofuel feedstock while recycling nutrients directly for algae cultivation. Characterization of products demonstrated an increase in extractable lipids from 33.5 to 65.5 wt % (dry basis) while retaining the same fatty acid methyl ester profile, in addition to diminution of more than 70 wt % of ash compared to raw microalgae. Moreover, the hydrolyzate was directly used to grow a microalga of the same genus. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1494–1502, 2017     

锆改性玉米苞叶强化吸附水体中的四环素

以农业废弃物玉米苞叶为原料,用氯氧化锆对其进行改性,用于去除水体中的四环素。采用SEM、FTIR对改性前后的玉米苞叶进行了表征,并研究了溶液初始pH、温度等因素对四环素吸附的影响。结果表明:改性过程使玉米苞叶表面结构发生变化,显著提高了其对四环素的吸附量。在30℃,四环素溶液初始pH=5的条件下,吸附量为54.1 mg/g。在293~313 K的温度范围内,吸附量随温度的升高而升高,等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich模型;吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型。     

涪陵页岩气田开发建设水污染防控探索与实践

页岩气作为新兴、绿色、清洁能源,近年来在全球范围内得到越来越多的关注。从目前国内外页岩气开发情况来看,除开发工艺技术难度大以外,其开发过程中的水污染防控和工业废水的处理也是影响页岩气产业发展的当务之急。如何实现经济高效处理页岩气污水和实现水循环利用,对页岩气的长远发展和当地环境保护有着举足轻重的意义。结合中国石化涪陵页岩气田环境保护,特别是水污染防控工作实践,从页岩气开采工艺过程出发,对水污染防控措施、污水处理工艺和污水的减量循环利用进行了探讨和研究。     

退役汽车保险杠的同级回收利用

针对退役汽车保险杠塑料回收利用问题,提出了塑料喷丸表面除漆与回收料改性再生的技术方法。通过有限元仿真和实际除漆实验研究了保险杠表面塑料喷丸除漆的过程,仿真与实际实验结果说明了在80 m/s的垂直喷丸速度下,可以有效去除保险杠表面油漆,并且基体材料不受到破坏。在保险杠除漆回收料中添加聚丙烯(PP)新料、纳米蒙脱土(nano-MMT)、PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH),通过双螺杆挤出机制备改性保险杠回收料,并测试了其拉伸与弯曲性能、缺口冲击强度、洛氏硬度和熔体流动速率,发现在除漆回收料/PP新料/nano-MMT/PP-g-MAH质量比为7/3/1/1的改性再生配方下,改性回收料的各项性能基本达到同级利用的标准要求,退役汽车保险杠材料的价值利用梯度得到提高。     

A Box–Behnken Design-Based Model for Predicting Power Performance in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Wastewater

Although modeling is regarded as a useful tool to understand the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), the number of MFC models remains very low compared with the number of experimental works available in the literature. Moreover, there are very few MFC modeling attempts dealing with the use of wastewater as fuel in these devices, which is essential for the practical implementation of MFCs since the potential of this technology lies in the two-fold benefit of wastewater treatment and bioenergy generation. In this work, a four-factor three-level Box–Behnken design was developed to model the electrochemical power generation in two-chamber MFCs using wastewater as fuel. The optimum values of temperature, external resistance, feed concentration and anodic pH that maximized power output were investigated. Optimum conditions were found at T = 35°C and R = 1 kΩ, corresponding to a maximum power density of 0.88 W·m^?3, while feed concentration and pH did not show statistical significance in the ranges studied. Thus, a Box–Behnken design-based model as empirical approach could provide an effective tool for the optimization study of MFC systems.