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911.
Levels of aluminium in 82 different infant formulae from nine different manufacturers in Spain were determined by acid-microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The influence of aluminium content in tap water in reconstituted powder formulae was examined and an estimate was made of the theoretical toxic aluminium intake in comparison with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Possible interactions between aluminium and certain essential trace elements added to infant formulations have been studied according to the type or main protein-based infant formula. In general, the infant formulae contained a higher aluminium content than that found in human milk, especially in the case of soya, preterm or hydrolysed casein-based formulae. Standard formulae gave lower aluminium intakes amounting to about 4% PTWI. Specialized and preterm formulae resulted in a moderate intake (11-12 and 8-10% PTWI, respectively) and soya formulae contributed the highest intake (15% PTWI). Aluminium exposure from drinking water used for powder formula reconstitution was not considered a potential risk. In accordance with the present state of knowledge about aluminium toxicity, it seems prudent to call for continued efforts to standardize routine quality control and reduce aluminium levels in infant formula as well as to keep the aluminium concentration under 300 μg l-1 for all infant formulae, most specifically those formulae for premature and low birth neonates. 相似文献
912.
介绍了公路路面工程质量控制要点 ,从路面的平整度、建立健全质量保证体系等方面进行了论述 ,指出强化工程监理、加大监督力度和提高人员素质是确保工程质量的有效途径 相似文献
913.
A parametric interpolator with confined chord errors, acceleration and deceleration for NC machining 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Tsehaw Yong Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Computer aided design》2003,35(13):1249-1259
Parametric interpolation has many advantages over linear interpolation in machining curves. Real time parametric interpolation research so far has addressed achieving a uniform feed rate, confined chord errors and jerk limited trajectory planning. However, simultaneous consideration of confined chord errors that respect the acceleration and deceleration capabilities of the machine has not been attempted. In this paper, the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners is proposed. The velocity profile in these zones is planned so that chord errors are satisfied while simultaneously accommodating the machine's acceleration and deceleration limits. Outside the zone of the feed rate sensitive corners, the feed rate is planned using the Taylor approximation. Simulation results indicate that the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners improves parametric interpolation. For real time interpolation, the parametric curve information can be augmented with the detected feed rate sensitive corners that are stored in 2×2 matrices. 相似文献
914.
915.
为了降低转子电阻变化对异步电动机矢量控制系统性能的影响,本文把自适应比例因子模糊控制器应用到了矢量控制系统中。介绍了自适应比例因子模糊控制方法的綦本原理,给出了使用自适应比例因子模糊控制器的异步电动机矢量控制系统的结构框图,对主模糊控制器和辅助模糊控制器进行了设计。仿真实验结果表明,采用这种控制方法的调速系统不仅具有优良的动态性能,而且对转子电阻变化具有很强的鲁棒性。 相似文献
916.
Given a nonlinear system and a performance index to be minimized, we present a general approach to expressing the finite time optimal feedback control law applicable to different types of boundary conditions. Starting from the necessary conditions for optimality represented by a Hamiltonian system, we solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a generating function for a specific canonical transformation. This enables us to obtain the optimal feedback control for fundamentally different sets of boundary conditions only using a series of algebraic manipulations and partial differentiations. Furthermore, the proposed approach reveals an insight that the optimal cost functions for a given dynamical system can be decomposed into a single generating function that is only a function of the dynamics plus a term representing the boundary conditions. This result is formalized as a theorem. The whole procedure provides an advantage over methods rooted in dynamic programming, which require one to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation repetitively for each type of boundary condition. The cost of this favorable versatility is doubling the dimension of the partial differential equation to be solved. 相似文献
917.
Yueqi Zhong 《Computer aided design》2006,38(10):1062-1073
This paper introduces a new method of generating 2D flat patterns from a 3D triangulated surface by opening the bending configuration of each winged triangle pair. The flattening can be divided into four steps. First, a 3D triangulated surface is modeled with a mass-spring system that simulates the surface deformation during the flattening. Second, an unwrapping force field is built to drive the mass-spring system to a developable configuration through the numerical integration. Third, a velocity redistribution procedure is initiated to average velocity variances among the particles. Finally, the mass-spring system is forced to collide with a plane, and the final 2D pattern is generated after all the winged triangle pairs are spread onto the colliding plane. To retain the size and area of the original 3D surface, a strain control mechanism is introduced to keep the springs from over-elongation or over-shrinkage at each time step. 相似文献
918.
919.
Metal oxide semiconductors are today the most promising materials for photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen by the method of the photoelectrolysis of water as the problems of the stability of photoelectrodes are basically solved only for such materials. The aim of this short review paper is the presentation of results in this field obtained both worldwide and by the authors of this paper. The factors determining the efficiency of photoelectrolysis and possible ways to increase the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photoelectrodes are analyzed. It is shown that the development of new photoelectrodes made of solid solutions and more complicated multicomponent compositions are most promising. Possibilities to use porous and nanocrystalline oxide photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemistry are also discussed. Photoelectrolysis setups for the photoelectrochemical conversion of solar energy into hydrogen are briefly described. 相似文献
920.
The IEEE 802.11e medium access control (MAC) layer protocol is an emerging standard to support quality of service (QoS) in
802.11 wireless networks. Some recent work shows that the 802.11e hybrid coordination function (HCF) can improve significantly
the QoS support in 802.11 networks. A simple HCF referenced scheduler has been proposed in the 802.11e which takes into account
the QoS requirements of flows and allocates time to stations on the basis of the mean sending rate. As we show in this paper,
this HCF referenced scheduling algorithm is only efficient and works well for flows with strict constant bit rate (CBR) characteristics.
However, a lot of real-time applications, such as videoconferencing, have some variations in their packet sizes, sending rates
or even have variable bit rate (VBR) characteristics. In this paper we propose FHCF, a simple and efficient scheduling algorithm
for 802.11e that aims to be fair for both CBR and VBR flows. FHCF uses queue length estimations to tune its time allocation
to mobile stations. We present analytical model evaluations and a set of simulations results, and provide performance comparisons
with the 802.11e HCF referenced scheduler. Our performance study indicates that FHCF provides good fairness while supporting
bandwidth and delay requirements for a large range of network loads.
Pierre Ansel received a multidisciplinary in-depth scientific training in different fields such as Pure and Applied Mathematics, Physics,
Mechanics, Computer Science and Economics from the Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France. Then, he joined the Ecole Nationale
Superieure des Telecommunications, Paris, France in 2005 where he went further into electronics, databases, computer network
security and high speed networks. He received a multidisciplinary master of sciences degree and an additional master of sciences
degree in telecommunications in 2005. He did a summer internship in 2003 in INRIA, Sophia Antipolis, France where he worked
on the Quality of Service in 802.11 networks at Planete Group, France. Then in 2004, he joined France Telecom R&D, Issy-les-Moulineaux,
France to work on Intranet Security issues. He designed a WiFi security supervision architecture based on WiFi Intrusion Detection
Sensors. He is currently a French civil servant and belongs to the French Telecommunications Corps.
Qiang Ni received the B.Eng., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan City, China
in 1993, 1996 and 1999 respectively. He is currently a faculty member in the Electronic and Computer Engineering Division,School
of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, West London, U.K. Between 2004 and 2005 he was a Senior Researcher at the Hamilton
Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. From 1999 to 2001, he was a post-doctoral research fellow in the multimedia
and wireless communication laboratory, HUST, China. He visited and conducted research at the wireless and networking group
of Microsoft Research Asia Lab during the year of 2000. From Sept. 2001 until may 2004, he was a research staff member at
the Planète group of INRIA Sophia Antipolis France. Since 2002, he has been active as a voting member at the IEEE 802.11 wireless
LAN standard working group. His current research interests include communication protocol design and performance analysis
for wireless networks, cross-layer optimizations, vertical handover and mobility management in mobile wireless networks, and
adaptive multimedia transmission over hybrid wired/wireless networks. He has authored /co-authored over 40 international journal/conference
papers, book chapters, and standard drafts in this field. He is a member of IEEE. E-mail: Qiang.Ni@ieee.org
Thierry Turletti received the M.S. (1990) and the Ph.D. (1995) degrees in computer science both from the University of Nice – Sophia Antipolis,
France. He has done his PhD studies in the RODEO group at INRIA Sophia Antipolis. During the year 1995–96, he was a postdoctoral
fellow in the Telemedia, Networks and Systems group at LCS, MIT. He is currently a research scientist at the Planete group
at INRIA Sophia Antipolis. His research interests include multimedia applications, congestion control and wireless networking.
Dr. Turletti currently serves on the Editorial Board of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. 相似文献